1. Vocabulary Review Ch 12 Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics

2. One of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual Sex Chromosome

3. Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome Autosome

4. A trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes, such as the X chromosome or the Y chromosome in humans Sex-linked Trait

5. One of a pair of genes that tend to be inherited together Linked Gene

6. A diagram of gene positions on a chromosome Chromosome map

7. In chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over Map unit

8. Mutation that occurs in an organism’s gametes Germ-cell mutation

9. A mutation that occurs in a body cell Somatic-cell mutation

10. A gene or chromosomal mutation that influences the development of an organism in such a way that the organism cannot survive Lethal mutation

11. The loss of a part of DNA from a chromosome Deletion

12. A reversal in the order of the genes, or of a chromosome segment, within a chromosome Inversion

13. The movement of a segment of DNA from one chromosome to another, which results in a change in the position of the segment; also the movement of soluble nutrients from one part of a plant to another Translocation

14. The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis or meiosis II Nondisjunction

15. A mutation in which only one nucleotide or nitrogenous base in a gene is changed Point mutation

16. A mutation in which a nucleotide or a codon in DNA is replaced with a different nucleotide Substitution

17. A mutation, such as the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in a coding sequence, that results in the misreading of the code during translation because of a change in the reading frame Frameshift mutation

18. A mutation in which one or more nucleotides are added to a gene Insertion mutation

19. A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family Pedigree

20. In genetics, an individual who has one copy of a recessive autosomal allele that causes disease in the homozygous condition Carrier

21. An inherited disease or disorder that is caused by a mutation in a gene or by a chromosomal defect Genetic disorder

22. Describes a characteristic that is influenced by many genes Polygenic

23. A character such as skin color that is influenced strongly by both genes and the environment Complex character

24. More than two alleles (versions of the gene) for a genetic trait Multiple allele

25. A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed Codominance

26. A condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual’s two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully Incomplete dominance

27. An autosomal trait that is influenced by the presence of male or female sex hormones Sex-influenced trait

28. A rare hereditary disease of the brain characterized by involuntary movements of the limbs or face, decreasing mental abilities, and eventual death Huntington’s disease

29. A procedure used in fetal diagnosis in which amniotic fluid is removed from the uterus of the pregnant woman Amniocentesis

30. A procedure in which the chorionic villi are analyzed to diagnose fetal genotypes Chorionic villi sampling

31. The process of testing and informing potential parents about their genetic makeup and the likelihood that they will have offspring with genetic defects or hereditary diseases Genetic counseling

32. A technique that places a gene into a cell to correct a hereditary disease or to improve the genome Gene therapy