1. Nordic Arms Transfer Controls and Global Challenges Exports to Fragile Contexts – Horn of Africa 14 April 2015 House of the Estates, Helsinki

2. History of independent national defence Long tradition of controls Strong national defence industries and ideas of ’total defence’ Exports as a means to support national defence capacity and readiness Different export profiles Sweden a relatively large exporter, Denmark maily transportation, etc. Items: armoured combat vehicles, battle tanks, combat aircraft, missiles and missile launchers, small arms and ammunition, etc. Highly developed and relatively small systems Regional and international cooperation traditional markets with new developments and challenges Characteristics of the Four Nordic Countries

3. Culture of transparency Frequent domestic and internarnational reporting Electronic record-keeping and hard copy archives National coordination and cooperation Sweden’s ISP and Export Control Council (ECC) Outreach to industry and customs authorities Cooperation with civil society Good Practices with Export / Proliferation Potential, I

4. Established and individually developed categorizations Harmonized item lists (EU ML) Categorization of recipient countries New developments in export criteria Strong risk-assessment procedures Developmental considerations Democracy criteria Good Practices with Export / Proliferation Potential, II

5. Re-export and end-use controls Unintended recipients, negative media attention Limited capability for post-delivery controls and revoking licenses Follow-on deliveries, transportation practices Division of responsibilities and processes Items ’specially designed’ for military vs. civilian use Hierarchy of export criteria regarding different items Challenges, I

6. Coordination and competence MFA, MoD, Police, Customs, Defence industry Rotation, political changes Defence industry awareness (especially SMEs) Normative developments vs. business realities Need to branch out to new markets (human rights, democracy and development criteria?) Starker division of global markets instead of a more level playing field? Challenges, II

7. Elli Kytömäki elli.kytomaki@saferglobe.fi +358 50 568 59 48 +44 744 7944 314 ♯ ATTNordic, @SaferGlobe http://www.saferglobe.fi https://www.facebook.com/SaferGlobe Thank you!

8. Nordic Arms Transfer Controls and Global Challenges Exports to Fragile Contexts – Horn of Africa 14 April 2015 House of the Estates, Helsinki

14. Nordic Arms Transfer Controls and Global Challenges Exports to Fragile Contexts – Horn of Africa 14 April 2015 House of the Estates, Helsinki