1. Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Data dissemination and further analysis workshop Further Analysis: Early Child Development MICS4 Data Dissemination and Further Analysis Workshop

2. 2 Further Analysis: ECD

3. 3 Outline 1.The patterns of inequity with existing data 2.Associations between variables in the Early Child Development Module and ECDI 3.Associations between relevant variables outside of ECD module and ECDI 4.Analysis of the trend 5.Cumulative risk factors 6.Bottleneck analysis

4. 1 st Idea: Different Patterns of Inequity Access to Early Childhood Education, 36 to 59 months, by Wealth Quintile

5. 5 2 nd Idea: association between variables in the CD Module 1.Establish the hypothesis (based on literature or expert opinion) 2.Tabulate 3.Look for: Expected patterns (association with well-known risk and protective factors) and Contrast to commonly-found patterns (are they due to lack of adequate data, or do they indicate country-specific attitudes, or…) 4.The strengths of associations can be explored using cross- tabulations or multi-way tables and the chi-square statistic, as well as the odds ratio

6. 6 Sample 1: reading the books and child development Hypothesis: in the families where it is reported that primary caregivers are reading books to a child, the child literacy/numeracy skills will be higher Early child development index Percentage of children age 36-59 months who are developmentally on track in literacy-numeracy, physical, social-emotional, and learning domains, and the early child development index score, Country, Year Percentage of children age 36-59 months who are developmentally on track for indicated domains Early child development index score [1] Number of children age 36-59 months Literacy- numeracyPhysical Social- EmotionalLearning Reading books to a child No20.999.288.292.982.9145 Yes 32.4 99.9 94.999.5 95.61261 ECDI Total 31.299.894.298.894.31406 compute books = 0. if (EC7AA = "A" or EC7AB ="B" or EC7AX = "X") books = 1. variable label books "Reading books to a child". value label books 0 "No" 1 "Yes". …… /table hl4 [c] + nuts2 [c] + hh6 [c] + age2 [c] + preschool [c] +melevel [c] + windex5 [c] + ethnicity [c] + books [c] + tot1 [c]

7. 7 Sample 2: the impact of fathers on child development Hypothesis: more children developmentally on target in families where father participates in activities with child Early child development index Percentage of children age 36-59 months who are developmentally on track in literacy-numeracy, physical, social-emotional, and learning domains, and the early child development index score, Country, Year Percentage of children age 36-59 months who are developmentally on track for indicated domains Early child development index score [1] Number of children age 36-59 months Literacy- numeracyPhysical Social- EmotionalLearning Father supportLiving in the HH and not supporting the child 64.898.574.196.986.7497 Living in the HH and supporting the child 66.097.5 84.1 97.390.1174 ECDI Total 65.198.276.797.087.6671 compute fatsup = 0. if (nofather = 0 and fact = 100) fatsup = 1. variable label fatsup "Father support". value label fatsup 0 "Living in the HH and not supporting the child" 1 "Living in the HH and supporting the child".

8. 8 3 rd Idea: association between modules (stunting and ECDI) Hypothesis: lower ECDI in the stunted children Early child development index Percentage of children age 36-59 months who are developmentally on track in literacy-numeracy, physical, social-emotional, and learning domains, and the early child development index score, Country, Year Percentage of children age 36-59 months who are developmentally on track for indicated domains Early child developme nt index score [1] Number of children age 36-59 months Literacy- numeracyPhysical Social- EmotionalLearning Height for age:Not stunted (-2sd)33.099.893.799.094.01122 Stunted (-2sd) 12.5 100.094.6 93.5 89.750 Height for age:Not stunted (-3sd)32.599.893.699.094.01154 Stunted (-3sd) 9.2 100.0 82.2 18 ECDI Total 31.299.894.298.894.31406

9. 9 (Almost) unlimited possibilities Explore the associations between ECDI and other variables: Availability of playthings; Inadequate care; Living with biological parents Explore the association between ECDI and some variables outside the ECD module Iodized Salt Consumption Violent Disciplining practices …

10. Value added Most of the knowledge is coming from developed countries Opportunity for advocacy Strong associations with low ECDI indicate areas of disadvantage Strong associations with high ECDI indicate areas of strength If there are discrepancies, explore policies, customs, practices, availability, accessibility and quality of ECD and other social services to find an explanation 10

11. 11 4 th Idea: Trend Analysis Attendance to Early Childhood Education Note: check the definition; check the confidence interval

12. 12 5 th Idea: Cumulative risk factors for child development Create an index (cumulative risk factors to child development) Children living without biological parents Inadequate care Stunting Violent disciplining practices Who are the children most at risk? What are the main determinants of risk? Multivariate analysis A binary logistic regression analysis

13. 6 th Idea: Analyze System Bottlenecks (Tanahashi framework) From Tanahashi T. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1978, 56 (2) http://whqlibdoc.who.int/bulletin/1978/Vol56-No2/bulletin_1978_56(2)_295-303.pdf Availability – critical inputs to system Adequate coverage- continuity Utilisation – first contact with services Accessibility – physical access to services Effective coverage- quality Target Population Accessibility – to human resources

14. Bottleneck in the education system in G

15. Regional disparity

16. 16 Your turn Ideas welcomed (group work)