1. Intergroup emotions in conditions of competition A.Prikhidko, O.Goulevitch ➲ Modern social psychology becomes more and more emotional. ➲ Emotions are studied at 5 levels of analysis (intraindividual, interpersonal, group, intergroup and cross-cultural) ➲ The idea of present study was to show the influence of personal dispositions on the emotions felt at the intergroup level.

2. Theory of intergroup emotions E. Smith ➲ Theory of intergroup emotions postulates that the feelings we have towards the members of another social group depend on the identification with an in-group. ➲ The more one identifies with an in-group the more intense emotions he will have for an out-group. ➲ To measure the intergroup emotions first you have to find out the level of in-group identification.

3. Studies of intergroup emotions show that ➲ The most frequent outgroup feelings usually include — anger, fear (and anxiety), guilt and zloradstvo (shadenfreude).

4. Studies of intergroup emotions show that ➲ Outgroup emotions are connected with social attitudes, stereotypes and prejudice. ➲ Sometimes outgroup emotions function as an infrahumanization technique and they can be used as a resource for different social actions.

5. Less is known about ➲ The intergroup emotions and their connection with individual dispositions of group members. ➲ The difference between emotions felt by members of small and big social groups when the size of a group is a criteria ➲ The influence of wide social context on the feelings felt towards another group

6. Less is known about ➲ Positive intergroup emotions — joy, happiness, sympathy.

7. Present study had 2 parts — one for a big and another for a small social group ➲ Research of intergroup emotions and their connection with individual dispositions of members and followers of political parties who took part in the president elections in 2008

8. Present study had 2 parts — one for a big and another for a small social group ➲ Research of intergroup emotions and their connection with individual dispositions of CJS players (CJS — students game — Club of Joyful and Smart)

9. Present study had 2 parts — one for a big and another for a small social group ➲ Paricipants — 38 male and 52 female followers of main political parties. ➲ Methods ➲ Identification scale ➲ Emotion scale ➲ EI test ➲ Coping test ➲ Participants — 38 male and 36 female members of CJS game groups ➲ Methods ➲ Identification scale ➲ Emotion scale ➲ EI test ➲ Motivation test

10. Intergroup emotions during the president elections ➲ Anger ➲ Contempt ➲ Disgust Which form a triad of hostility emotiondisgustcontempt rp<r anger0.77 9 0.0 05 0.77 3 10-3

11. Intergroup emotions during the CJS games ➲ Sympathy ➲ Joy ➲ Anxiety ➲ Pride ➲ M1 — median before the games ➲ M2 - median after the games SympathyJoyAnxietyPride M1=5 M2=4 M1=4 M2=3 M1=1.5 M2=1 M1=3 M2=3

12. Intergroup emotions are influenced by ingroup identification ➲ This was right only for the members of big groups EmotionsGroup importanceSocial activity ßtp<ßt Anger---0.2502.4090.05 Disgust0.2872.7960.010.3453.4300.01 Contempt0.2462.3510.050.2462.3520.001

13. ➲ Political parties ➲ Negative emotions are negatively connected with EE (external expression scale), EM (emotional management) ➲ CJS — Results for non-winners ➲ Negative emotions are mostly influenced by EE(external expression) scale) — the higher is EI the lower are negative emotions. ➲ Joy and anxiety are influenced by UE (understanding of emotions scale) Intergroup emotions are influenced by an emotional intelligence of ingroup members

14. Intergroup emotions are influenced by motivation of affiliation ➲ This was measured only for members of small groups Fear of resentment predicts sympathy in groups of non-winners after the game is over (ß=0.402, t= 2.149, p<0.05) and sadness (ß=0.404, t= 2.107, p<0.05). ➲ Fear of resentment predicts decreasing of anger (ß=0.382, t= 2.180, p<0.05) and guilt before the games (ß=0.367, t= 2.212, p<0.05).

15. Possible reasons for a big difference in the intergroup emotions between big and small groups ➲ Social context — competition in humorous game differs a lot from political competition: while members of CJS games need each other to continue their activities, members and followers of political parties want to destroy the outgroup ➲ Personal communication — the fact of knowing your opponent personally makes sense decreasing the level of hostility ➲ Mechanisms of psychological defense — they may work better having an influence on outgroup emotions when it comes up to game where humour is the point.