1. 1 Rural-Urban Interdependence in the New Economy Bill.Reimer @concordia.ca Bill.Reimer @concordia.ca nre.concordia.ca www.crrf.ca 2009/01/30 Tom Beckley Ray Bollman David Bruce Omer Chouinard Ivan Emke Greg Halseth Bruno Jean Patrice LeBlanc Dianne Looker Diane Martz Solange Nadeau John Parkins Steve Plante Doug Ramsey Richard Stedman Ellen Wall Derek Wilkinson Anna Woodrow

2. Outline What is rural-urban interdependence? What is rural-urban interdependence?  Trade and exchange  Institutions  Environment  Identity What strategic actions does it suggest for communities, urban centres, provinces? What strategic actions does it suggest for communities, urban centres, provinces?  8 Suggestions 2

3. 3 Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation The NRE Rural Observatory …an International Network

4. Interdependence through Trade 4

6. 6 Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased Commodity communities shrinking Commodity communities shrinking Urban dependent on commodities Urban dependent on commodities

7. 7 Canadian Balance of Trade 2007

8. 8 Interdependence through Trade Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased Commodity communities shrinking Commodity communities shrinking Urban dependent on commodities Urban dependent on commodities Rural manufacturing remains strong Rural manufacturing remains strong

9. Interdependence through Trade: Improving competitiveness 9 http://www.warnerhockeyschool.com/ http://www.villagedeslilas.com/index.php

10. 10 Interdependence through Trade Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased Price of transporting goods has dropped, transporting people has increased Commodity communities shrinking Commodity communities shrinking Urban dependent on commodities Urban dependent on commodities Rural manufacturing remains strong Rural manufacturing remains strong Metro-adjacent communities grow Metro-adjacent communities grow

11. 11 Institutional Interdependence Services regionalize, specialize, standardize, professionalize Services regionalize, specialize, standardize, professionalize General policies insensitive to local conditions General policies insensitive to local conditions Bureaucratic norms are challenging for rural Bureaucratic norms are challenging for rural Innovations in governance can create opportunities Innovations in governance can create opportunities

12. Institutional Interdependence: Innovation 12 Nelson Hydro http://www.mwmc.ca/

13. 13 Interdependence through Environments Water, food, footprints, global warming restructure interdependence understanding Water, food, footprints, global warming restructure interdependence understanding http://cwconline.org/ http://www.fraserbasin.bc.ca

14. 14 Interdependence through Identity New interdependence challenges local identities New interdependence challenges local identities Immigration reinforces urban hegemony Immigration reinforces urban hegemony

15. 15 Trade and exchange Rural and Urban are Interdependent Institutions Identity Environment

16. 16 Strategies Look to urban demand Look to urban demand Identify global niche markets Identify global niche markets Integrate strangers Integrate strangers Build social infrastructure Build social infrastructure Build all capacities Build all capacities Make interdependencies visible Make interdependencies visible Consider regional opportunities Consider regional opportunities Create venues for collaboration Create venues for collaboration

17. 17 Strategy: Look to urban demand

18. Strategy: Identify niche markets 18 http://www3.sympatico.ca/remi.rioux/lacledeschamps/ http://www.fibroconcept.com/ http://www.ccare.ca/

19. Strategy: Integrate strangers 19 http://www.scses.winkleronline.com/

20. Strategy: Build Social Infrastructure Health Health  Public health nurses  Alcohol/Drug counseling  Safe House Project  Victim Assistance  Block parents  Al-Anon  Literacy Group  Take-Off-pounds Recreation  Darts club  Minor hockey  TR Boards, Bikes  Curling club  Happy Hookers  Red Hat Society  Quilt Guild  Museum Foundation  Ornothology Group  Legion  Community Arts Council 20 Education Education Books Lapsit Program Books Lapsit Program TR Children’s Centre TR Children’s Centre Northern Lights College Northern Lights College Tumbler Ridge Examples

21. 21 Strategy: Make Interdependencies Visible Food Food Water Water Environment Environment

22. Strategy: Think Regionally 22

23. Strategy: Venues for collaboration 23 MRCs REDAs

24. Collaboration lessons Strong regional institutions Strong regional institutions Multiple venues of interaction Multiple venues of interaction Clear rules of accountability and representation Clear rules of accountability and representation Common language and understanding Common language and understanding Patience and tolerance Patience and tolerance 24 Budget for Breakage

25. Conclusions Rural and Urban are interdependent Rural and Urban are interdependent Commodity economics are a rural burden Commodity economics are a rural burden Agglomeration economies are trump Agglomeration economies are trump Look for local assets and competitive advantage Look for local assets and competitive advantage Facilitate regional collaboration Facilitate regional collaboration Build local capacities (including social infrastructure) Build local capacities (including social infrastructure) 25

26. 26 Rural-Urban Interdependence in the New Economy Bill.Reimer @concordia.ca Bill.Reimer @concordia.ca nre.concordia.ca www.crrf.ca 2009/01/30 Tom Beckley Ray Bollman David Bruce Omer Chouinard Ivan Emke Greg Halseth Bruno Jean Patrice LeBlanc Dianne Looker Diane Martz Solange Nadeau John Parkins Steve Plante Doug Ramsey Richard Stedman Ellen Wall Derek Wilkinson Anna Woodrow

27. Return

28. 28 Return

29. 29 Global exposure means low population growth Constant boundary CSDs Return

30. 30 Ontario International Balance of Trade 2007 ReturnForestry Auto

32. Interdependence through Trade: Commuting 32 http://crerl.usask.ca/infrastructure/maps.php Return

33. 33 Communal Build all types of capacities Market Bureaucratic Associative Associative-based: Shared interests E.g. recreation, charity, religious groups Market-based: Contractual, short-term, supply and demand E.g. commerce, labour, housing, trade Bureaucratic-based: Rationalized roles, principles E.g. government, law, corporations Communal-based: Generalized reciprocity, identity, birth E.g. families, cultural groups, gangs Return

34. Health Professionals - Local Services – All Sites (% yes)19982005 Doctors47.442.1 Nurses52.636.8 Dentists36.831.6 Optometrist15.821.1 Dental surgeon15.810.5 Home care visits47.468.4 Social workers42.126.3 Return

35. Boards of Directors & Funding ReturnNext

36. Staff & Funding Return

37. Source: Statistics Canada, Based on Catologue Nos. 91-213 and 91-520 Immigration is an increasingly important component of population growth. ReturnNext

38. Source: Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Canada has welcomed over 1 million immigrants during the first five years of the millennium 2002: Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Return Next

39. Return

40. 40 Social Cohesion mitigates external context Fluctuating Economy Market- based SoCo Bureaucratic -based SoCo Average HH Income Global with Bureaucratic or Local with non- Bureaucratic -$7,000 +$4,500 -$680 +$2,000 External factors have significant effects Social cohesion can mitigate these effects The relations are often conditional $47,000 Return