1. The Health of the body depends on the health of its interdependent systems

2. How are body systems connected?
Review:
All cells of the body have the same basic need for energy, nutrients and oxygen to carry our their functions. All cells also need to remove wastes. Body systems work together to provide cells with what they need.

3. Energy: all cells need energy to carry out their life functions and food is the source of energy.
When you eat your body breaks food down into nutrients, which include carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These all can be broken down into energy, but the main source for energy are carbohydrates, and we typically get carbohydrates in the form of sugar or glucose.

4. Cellular Respiration (not just breathing!)

5. Organ systems and Cellular Respiration
There are 4 organ systems that are involved in cellular respiration can you guess which ones?
1. Reparatory System
2. Digestive System
3. Circulatory System
4. Excretory System

6. Respiratory System Nose: Takes in oxygen rich air
Windpipe: Directs oxygen-rich air to lungs.
Lungs: Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, and remove carbon dioxide through the nose

7. Circulatory System Heart: pumps blood
Veins: transports blood from body cells
Arteries: transports blood to body cells

8. Digestive System Mouth: grinds up food
Esophagus: moves food to stomach
Stomach: breaks down and churns food
Small Intestine: breaks food down into nutrients so they can be absorbed
Large intestine: processes solid waste material
Anus: removes solid waste material

9. Excretory System Kidneys: filters blood to produce urine
Ureters: transports urine
Bladder: stores urine
Urethra: Excretes urine

10. Its all connected
Activity
Questions 1-4, page 441

11. Core Lab: 12-1B
Perform Lab 12-1B found on page 442

12. Body Systems and Health
Class Discussion:
What helps our body to be healthy and what makes us unhealthy?
Specifically, what will help certain body systems?

13. Body Systems and Health
Review: All body systems work together. If one system is not functioning properly then the whole network of systems is disrupted. The same goes for maintaining the health of each body system ensures the health of the whole body.
Diet, exercise and stress affect the health of body systems

14. Blood Pressure and the Health of the circulator system
Heart Rate: A fast beating heart pushes blood quickly through the arteries, building up blood pressure.

15. Blood Pressure continued…
Artery Size:
Large, open arteries conduct larger volumes of blood, which produces low blood pressure
Small , narrow or partly clogged arteries conduct smaller volumes of blood, which produces high blood pressure

16. Healthy vs. Unhealthy…you be the judge

17. Blood Pressure continued…
Artery elasticity: Flexible arteries can expand easily, letting more blood flow through. Loss of elasticity results in “hardening of the arteries”, this conditions produces higher blood pressure.
Blood Viscosity ( low ability to flow): The heart must work harder if blood viscosity id greater than normal, which can happen when the number of blood cells increases due to illness or injury.

18. Blood Pressure continued…
Blood Volume: If a person looses lots of blood due to injury, their blood pressure will be low
Note: the average adult has 5L of blood, that is about 8-9 coke bottles

19. Factors that affect blood pressure
There are a variety of things that can affect blood pressure. Can you name 3 things that will negatively affect blood pressure?
Here are 3 common factors
Cigarette smoking
High Fat diet
Lack of regular exercise

20. Body Systems in Balance
As your external environment (outside your body) changes around you, your internal environment (inside your body) is able to maintain proper internal conditions that your cells require, this balance is called homeostasis.
All the body systems work together to achieve homeostasis.

21. What Affects Homeostasis
There are two types of factors that effect homeostasis.
Genetic Factors: There are things that you inherit from one or both parents
Lifestyle Factors: These are factors that are within your control. (Eg. Exercise, diet, stress)

22. Diet and Nutrition, Exercise and Stress
What effect do the above factors have on the reparatory, circulatory, muscular, digestive, excretory and nervous systems?
Discuss and then complete activity

23. Activity
Group Work:
Learn about the four factors mentioned before. Present information on the four factors and the information that was found.
Discuss the other factors that are listed on page 449.

24. What is healthy?
Over the past few decades there has been lots of research on what is most healthy and many ideas have come and gone.
Here are some examples:
Butter vs. Margarine
Fad Diets
Limited number of heart beats in one life
Do you know of any other “old” views of what is healthy?

26. Technology in support of Homeostasis
Technology can be used to support or even replace the function of an organ or a body system.

27. A pacemaker, helps the heart to beat with a steady rhythm

28. An insulin pump is a device that is programmed to deliver a specific dose of insulin a specific times in the day.

29. The Jarvik-7 is an artificial heat, they are sometimes used because there are not enough donors of human hearts.

30. Kidney Dialysis is used when the kidney no longer function.

31. Class Discussion Group work!
Within your group, answer the following questions. Make sure you select someone to:
(1) Record
(2) Keep track of time
(3) Ask any questions that you have
(4) Report back to the class

32. Questions Check your Understanding: Page: 457 Checking Concepts 1-6
Understanding Key Ideas 7-9

33. Quiz!
Study for you quiz on Chapter 12!