1. SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS INCREASING !

2. RATE OF INCREASE IN AVERAGE SURFACE TEMPERATURE IS 20-30 FASTER THAN LAST GLACIATION (15000 YRS AGO)

3. COMBINED TEMPERATURE OF LAND SURFACE, SEA SURFACE AND AIR

5. Breakup of Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf An iceberg (B-15J) of size of a small United States state cracked off the Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf in March 2000 On February 1, 2007, three new icebergs were formed due to the break up of the original iceberg NASA Earth Observatory

6. North America: Angangueo 1986: Images show Degradation of forest area 2001: Between 1984 and 1999, 38 per cent of forests were degraded Hubbard Glacier advances United States 14 Aug 2002 10 Aug 2002

7. North America: Angangueo 1986: Images show Degradation of forest area 2001: Between 1984 and 1999, 38 per cent of forests were degraded Retreat of Columbia Glacier, Alaska and Arapaho Glacier, Colorado, United States NASA Earth Observatory Arapaho glacier has thinned by 40 meters since 1960

13. NUMBER OF HEAT WAVES IN INDIA

15. NUMBER OF COLD WAVES IN INDIA

20. INITIATIVES INTERNATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVEL

21. INITIATIVES AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL 1988 – IPCC ( WMO &UNEP) 1992 – UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) 1997, 2008 - KYOTO PROTOCOL MDG 7 : “Ensure environmental sustainability” 2009 – Copenhagen conference

22. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Passed in June 1992 in Rio de Janeiro at “Earth Summit” Earliest international legislation regarding climate change Aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in atmosphere to prevent anthropogenic climate change Established National Greenhouse Gas Inventory, which requires nations to submit mandatory accounts of emissions Legally binding

23. The Kyoto Protocol Dec 11, 1997, by 3 rd Conference in an attempt to rectify mistakes of UNFCCC Attempts to mitigate the effects of global warming Covered 182 countries – May 2008, which translates into 60% of carbon emissions United States: Signed but did not ratify the treaty

24. The Kyoto Protocol (cont.) Two categories: Annex I (developed countries): Includes most of Europe, North America, and Japan, among others Required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and submit an annual report Non-Annex I (developing countries): Includes China, Brazil, and India, among others No requirements Annex I countries are required on average to reduce emissions to 5% below the 1990 level by 2012 Carbon credits will eventually be issued to all countries, and then allowed to be traded Failure to comply results in a country having to submit 1.3 “emissions allowances”

25. The Kyoto Protocol (cont.) Shortcomings: Not aggressive enough Not ratified by the United States Large emitters including China, Brazil &India are under no obligation to reduce emissions Dec 2009 – Copenhagen conference

26. INITIATIVES AT NATIONAL LEVEL Mr. Shyam Saran, Special Envoy of Prime Minister for Climate Change

27. National Action Plan on Climate Change Plan has Eight broad areas for focused action, encompassing both mitigation & adaptation. 1. National Solar Mission 2. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency 3. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 4. National Water Mission 5. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem 6. National Mission for a “Green India” 7. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture 8. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change India is increasing its forest cover and intends to raise it from the current 22% of total land area to 33%.