1. Assessing the atrial septum
Fig 1
Assessing the atrial septum
(secundum defect)
Ho et al, Mosby-Wolfe 1995

2. Fig 2
Secundum ASD
Apical four chamber view demonstrating a large secundum atrial septal defect
Subcostal four chamber view of same patient
confirming a left to right shunt at atrial level

3. Fig 3
Secundum ASD
3D image of secundum ASD and image during transcatheter occlusion

4. TOE secundum ASD Fig 4 Transesophageal longitudinal view of the atriaLA RA
Transesophageal longitudinal view of the atria
demonstrating an ostium secundum defect.
Colour flow image from the same view demonstrating
left-to-right shunting across the ASD

5. Primum ASD Fig 5 Apical four chamber view demonstratingLV RV RA LA
Apical four chamber view demonstrating
a primum atrial septal defect
Colour Doppler flow image from same view
illustrating left-to-right shunt across the primum
atrial septal defect

6. Fig 6
Parasternal short axis view demonstrating
tri-leaflet left atrioventricular valve in a patient
with a primum atrium septal defect

7. Primum ASD Fig 7 Subcostal four chamber view LA
demonstrate an large primum atrial
septal defect which is located at the low
part of normal atrial septum and the
junction with atrioventricular valve. RA LV RV

8. Primum ASD repaired Fig 8 LV LA
Apical four chamber view of patient with a
primum ASD repair. Note the thickened
left AV valve leaflet and markedly dilated
left atrium
Colour Doppler flow mapping of the same
patient demonstrating severe left AV valve
regurgitation.

9. Fig 9
SVC type ASD
Apical four chamber view showing a sinus venous defect of the superior vena caval type

10. Fig 10
SVC type ASD (TOE) LA RA
SVC
Transesophageal longitudinal view of the atria
demonstrating a sinus venousus defect of the
superior vena caval type.
Colour flow image from the same view demonstrating left-to-right shunting across the ASD

11. Sinus venousis ASD (SVC type)
Fig 11
Sinus venousis ASD (SVC type)
Transesophageal longitudinal view of the atria demonstrating a sinus venosus defect of the superior vena caval type.