1. The French Revolution and Napoleon
Chapter 7

2. The French Revolution Begins
Chapter 7 Section 1

3. The Old Order
The Old Regime divided France into 3 estates or social classes
The Privileged Estates
The first two estates were made up of the __________ who provided 2% of its income to the gov’t and the ___________ who paid almost no taxes
The Third Estate
97% of the people in France
3 different groups
Bourgeoisie
Urban workers
Peasants
Although the groups were different they all wanted what?

4. The Forces of Change Enlightenment Ideas
The Third Estate was inspired by what?
The philosophes ideas of equality, liberty, and democracy were very intriguing to the French
Economic Troubles
High taxes made for less profit, making it very difficult to own and run a business
What impact did Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette have on the economy?

5. The Forces of Change A Weak Leader
Louis XVI’s weak leadership did nothing but hurt France
Why did the French people dislike Marie before this time
Excessive spending made the situation worse and “Madame Deficit” wasted a great deal of money
The Estates-General was called to approve a new tax on the nobility or the Second Estate

6. Dawn of the Revolution
Previous to the revolution what was the problem with the Estates- General?
The National Assembly
The Third Estate wanted to have each delegate (or representative) vote, why?
Sieyes wants the Third Estate delegates to form the ________ Assembly to pass laws for France
The National Assembly votes to end the ________ and start a what? Significance?
The Tennis Court Oath is taken in order to write a national constitution

7. Dawn of the Revolution Storming the Bastille
Rumors spread that Louis was sending troops to Paris to do what?
July 14th a mob storms the _______ , a Paris prison
Bastille Day becomes a symbolic event in French history, why? What can we compare it to in the United States?

8. A Great Fear Sweeps France
A series of rumors allows for the spread of rebellion where?
The Great Fear turns peasants into outlaws…destroying legal papers and in some cases burning down houses
Women in Paris rioted over bread prices, demanding the king and queen to come to Paris
The end of the French monarchy soon followed

9. 7.1 Daily Questions
Which group within the Third Estate would suffer the most from the increase in bread prices? Why? Explain.
How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership contribute to the revolution in France?
Honors Only
3. Do you think the French bread riots (and the violence that ensued) were justified? Why or why not?

10. Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Chapter 7 Section 2

11. The Assembly Reforms France
The Rights of Man
“Men are born free and equal in rights.”
Also guaranteed what?
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
A State-Controlled Church
The Catholic church loses land and political independence…what does the sale of lands help the French do?
What are peasants upset about?
Louis Tries to Escape
Louis XVI tries to escape to the Austrian Netherlands but is apprehended and returned to Paris

12. Divisions Develop A Limited Monarchy Factions Split France
The new French constitution created a limited constitutional monarchy and took power from the king
The Legislative Assembly is created to do what?
Factions Split France
What is a faction? How many developed in the French Legislative Assembly?
____________ wanted serious changes, ___________ wanted some changes, and ____________ wanted limited change.
Emigres and sans-culottes also hoped to make changes in France

13. War and Execution
France declares war because of Austria and Prussia’s call for a return to absolute monarchy
France at War
Mob warfare takes over in France and the royal guard is massacred…Louis and his family are imprisoned
A new governing body is created, the ___________ Convention and France is now a republic
What about women?
Jacobins take Control
A radical political organization
Famous members: Marat and Danton…beliefs?
The Jacobins put Louis on trial for treason and behead him with the _____________.
The War Continues
The war with Prussia and Austria leads France to have to do what?

14. The Terror Grips France
Robespierre Assumes Control
What changes did Robespierre and the Jacobins want to make?
As the leader of the Committee of Public Safety he rules France as a dictator and his rule was known as the Reign of ___________.
Robespierre was paranoid about his enemies and even those slightly less radical than him
Thousands are executed, irony

15. End of the Terror
Robespierre goes to the guillotine because of the fear for safety throughout France
A new gov’t is created (the third in 6 years) creating a two house legislature
A moderate approach was taken to French gov’t
Who emerges as the general of the French army?

16. 7.2 Daily Questions
Describe the three factions that split the Legislative Assembly and in many ways France itself.
What caused Prussia to invade France? Was this action justified?
Honors Only
3. Explain Robespierre’s justifications for his use of terror during the French Revolution (use the quote on page 226).

17. Napoleon Forges an Empire
Chapter 7 Section 3

18. Napoleon Forges an Empire
Hero of the Hour
Napoleon comes to fame as an officer in the French army when he defends the delegates of the National Convention
Napoleon travels the world in defense of France…keeping his stories of failure out of the news
Coup d'état
Distrust of the Directory results in Napoleon seizing power under the title ________ _________
Napoleon makes peace with what three countries?

19. Napoleon Rules France
A plebiscite was held to approve the new constitution, give who all of the power?
Restoring Order at Home
Ruled different than Louis, how?
Stabilizes the economy and the gov’t with the creation of lycees that did what?
Signed a concordat with Pope Pius VII that recognized the church but kept it out of gov’t affairs
The Napoleonic Code creates laws but limits rights
Napoleon is crowned Emperor by the pope in 1804…significance?

20. The Crowning of Napoleon

21. Napoleon Creates an Empire
Napoleon attempts to conquer beyond France’s borders
Loss of American Territories
After the civil war in Saint Dominigue Napoleon decides to cut his losses in the New World
Sells the ___________ territory to the U.S., significance?
Conquering Europe
Napoleon takes on Europe despite a combined effort against him
The only major power left was Great Britain

24. Napoleon Creates an Empire
The Battle of Trafalgar
Only major battle lost
Horatio Nelson, a great naval strategist, defeats the French fleet
Ensures British naval supremacy
Napoleon would not attempt to invade Britain
The French Empire
What countries remained out of Napoleon’s control?
The French empire was large but unstable, why?

25. 7.3 Daily Questions
Explain how the Napoleonic Code was a step backwards after the efforts of the French Revolution
In what ways was the loss of overseas territories (like Louisiana and present day Haiti) significant to Napoleon and the French?
Honors Only
3. Describe Napoleon’s relationship with the Catholic church How was this relationship different from the ideas of Robespierre?

26. Napoleon’s Empire Collapse
Chapter 7 Section 4

27. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
Who was the biggest threat to Napoleon’s power?
The Continental System (#1)
Napoleon sets up a _______ to prevent _______ from trading with the rest of Europe. What did he call this strategy?
Weakens British trade but does not destroy it altogether
Britain responds with a blockade of their own…resulting in what war? Significant?

28. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
The Peninsular War (#2)-why the name?
Napoleon sends forces into España in an effort to force them to accept the continental system
What did Spain fear most?
The British send in troops to aid the Spanish guerillas
Europeans were filled with feelings of _______________, significance?
The Invasion of Russia (#3)
Napoleon turns on his ally Alexander I and marches his troops into Russia…Alexander’s response?
The Russian winter destroyed France’s troops 420,00010,000

29. Napoleon’s Downfall Napoleon Suffers Defeat
Napoleon raises a new army to battle the European alliance, problem?
Frederick William (Prussia) and Czar Alexander I (Russia) take Paris and banish Napoleon to ____________, off the coast of ____________.
The Hundred Days
Why is Louis XVIII so unpopular so soon?
Napoleon returns to the cheers of the French people

31. Napoleon’s Downfall The Hundred Days (cont.)
British and Prussian forces defeat Napoleon at Waterloo in __________.
The Hundred Days is the name given to Napoleon’s last efforts to gain power
Sent to St. Helena, dies 6 years later
Legacy?

32. 7.4 Daily Questions
Why did the French people support the return of Napoleon?
What would Napoleon have needed to make his Continental System work?
Honors Only
3. How did nationalist fervor affect Napoleon’s empire? Give specific examples.

33. The Congress of Vienna
Chapter 7 Section 5

34. Metternich’s Plan for Europe
Congress of Vienna is called to create stability in Europe
5 great powers: Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, and France…who emerges as the most influential representative?
Metternich’s 3 goals:
Prevent future French aggression
Restore a balance of power
Royal families back to their thrones

35. Metternich’s Plan for Europe
The Containment of France (map on page 240)
United Kingdom of the Netherlands
German Confederation
Switzerland
Kingdom of Sardinia
Balance of Power
No country in Europe could become stronger than the rest
Legitimacy
The return of which European monarchs to the throne would help with stability?
What is the legacy of the Congress of Vienna?

36. Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Significant changes in European leadership
Conservative Europe
Francis of Austria and Frederick William of Prussia sign the ________ ___________ in order to combat revolution
What does the Concert of Europe do?
Conservatives vs. liberals

37. Political Changes Beyond Vienna
Revolution in Latin America
When Napoleon replaced the King of Spain what were the effects on Spain’s colonies?
Long Term Legacy
France’s power decreases, Britain and Prussia’s power increases
Revolutions occurred throughout Europe, new _______ are formed, and colonies claim independence
Is democracy the way to go?

38. 7.5 Daily Questions
Why did Metternich want to restore ruling families to their thrones?
Explain the idea of a balance of power. Why was it such an important topic at the Congress of Vienna?
Honors Only
3. Explain whether you agree with the Congress of Vienna diplomats that stability was more important than liberty. Why or why not?