1. Slide 1 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solution Formation The ______________ of the solvent and the solute determine whether a substance will ______________. The factors that determine how fast a substance dissolves are: _____________ (agitation) _____________ the __________ __________of the dissolving particles 16.1

2. Slide 2 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solution Formation A cube of sugar in cold tea dissolves slowly. 16.1 Granulated sugar dissolves in cold water more quickly than a sugar cube, especially with stirring. Granulated sugar dissolves very quickly in hot tea.

3. Slide 3 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solution Formation Stirring and Solution Formation Stirring speeds up the dissolving process because ___________ ______________ (the water in tea) is continually brought into _______________ with the ___________ of the solute (sugar). 16.1

4. Slide 4 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solution Formation Temperature and Solution Formation At higher ________________, the ___________ energy of water molecules is ______________ than at lower ________________, so they move __________. As a result, the solvent molecules ____________ with the ______________ of the sugar crystals more frequently and with more force. 16.1

5. Slide 5 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solution Formation Particle Size and Solution Formation A spoonful of granulated sugar dissolves more quickly than a sugar cube because the _____________ ____________ in granulated sugar expose a much greater ___________ ____________ to the colliding water molecules. 16.1

6. Slide 6 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solubility A _______________ solution contains the ________________ amount of solute for a given quantity of ___________ at a given _____________ and _____________. An _______________ solution contains less solute than a _____________ solution at a given temperature and pressure. 16.1

7. Slide 7 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solubility In a saturated solution, the __________ of ____________ equals the _______ of ____________, so the total amount of dissolved solute remains _______________. 16.1

8. Slide 8 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solubility The ________________ of a substance is the amount of solute that dissolves in a given quantity of a solvent at a specified temperature and pressure to produce a saturated solution. Solubility is often expressed in ____________ of _____________ per 100 g of ______________. 16.1

9. Slide 9 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solubility Some liquids combine in all proportions, while others don’t mix at all. Two liquids are ____________ if they dissolve in each other in ___ proportions. Two liquids are _______________ if they are ______________ in each other. 16.1

10. Slide 10 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Solubility Oil and water are immiscible. 16.1 Vinegar and oil are immiscible.

11. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Slide 11 of 39 Factors Affecting Solubility _______________ affects the solubility of solid, liquid, and gaseous solutes in a solvent; both _____________ and ________________ affect the solubility of gaseous solutes. 16.1

12. Slide 12 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility Temperature The solubility of most solid substances ______________ as the temperature of the solvent ________________. The solubilities of most gases are _____________ in _________ water than in ___________. 16.1

13. Slide 13 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility The __________ deposits around ______ springs result from the cooling of the ____, ___________ solution of minerals emerging from the spring. 16.1

14. Slide 14 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility 16.1

15. Slide 15 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility A __________________ solution contains _____________ solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature. The crystallization of a supersaturated solution can be initiated if a very __________ ___________, called a seed crystal, of the solute is added. 16.1

16. Slide 16 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility A supersaturated solution is clear before a seed crystal is added. 16.1 Crystals begin to form in the solution immediately after the addition of a seed crystal. Excess solute crystallizes rapidly.

17. Slide 17 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility 16.1

18. Slide 18 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > How much silver nitrate can dissolve in 250 mL of 50 0 C water? If 14.8 grams of potassium chlorate is dissolved in 200 mL of water, at what temperature is the solution a saturated solution?

19. Slide 19 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure Changes in pressure have __________ _________ on the solubility of solids and liquids, but pressure ______________ influences the solubility of gases. Gas solubility increases as the _____________ ____________________ of the gas above the solution increases. 16.1

20. Slide 20 of 39 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Solutions > Factors Affecting Solubility Henry’s law states that at a given temperature, the ____________ (S) of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the ______________ (P) of the gas above the liquid. 16.1

21. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall SAMPLE PROBLEM Slide 21 of 39 16.1

22. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Practice Problems Slide 22 of 39 for Sample Problem 16.1