1. F-solvents What do you expect from a new cleaning technology? What do you expect from a new cleaning technology? l Cleaning / Drying Performance l Material Compatibility l Safety-in-use (toxicological profile, flammability, stability) l Environmental Impact l Sustainability (regulatory issues) l Cost of Ownership (long-term strategy vs. short-term thinking) F-solvents are a balanced combination of properties related to performance, material compatibility, safety, environmental issues, and costs.

2. F-solvents Purpose of F-solvents Purpose of F-solvents l F-solvents are designed to replace ozone-depleting solvents such as: l CFC-113 (Freon ® ) l HCFC-141b l HCFC-225 l F-solvents are also an ideal replacement for 1.1.1-TCA, Trichlorethylene (TCE) and Perchlorethylene l F-solvents may also replace aqueous-, alcohol-, n- Propyl Bromide- and hydrocarbon-based cleaning systems

3. F-solvents Key characteristics of F-solvents (1) l Zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) l Very low Global Warming Potential (GWP), due to lower atmospheric lifetime and mainly uses in blends l Non-flammable, no flashpoint, no auto-ignition (except HFC-365) l Excellent toxicity profile l Good boiling point and low surface tension l Low viscosity l High liquid density

4. F-solvents Key characteristics of F-solvents (2) l Excellent thermal, chemical and hydrolytic stability l High material compatibility l Excellent dielectric properties l Easily miscible with numerous common solvents l Recyclability of azeotropic mixtures l Low energy consuming process, thus cost efficiency l Can be used in combination with low volatility solvating agents (such as Hydrocarbons)

5. F-solvents Comparison of F-solvents vs. CFC-113 and HCFC- 141b Safety and Toxicity related Properties Property / Unit HFC 43-10mee HFC-365mfc HFE-449s1 CFC-113 HCFC-141b Flash Point °C none - 22 1 none none none Flammable range % vol none 3.5 –9.0 none none 5.6 – 17.7 AEL 8-hr weighted average ppm 200500 750 1000 400 1 HFC 365mfc is not used as a pure fluid for precision cleaning, it is mixed to others F-solvents to inert its flammability

6. F-solvents Comparison of F-solvents vs. CFC-113 and HCFC- 141b Environmental Properties Property / Unit HFC 43-10mee HFC-365mfc HFE-449s1 CFC-113 HCFC-141b Atmospheric lifetime yr 1710 4 85 9 Ozone depletion potential 0.00.0 0.0 0.8 0.11 Global warming potential 100 years IHT 1300700 300 5000 700 Solubility in waterppm 140 170 2700 Solubility of waterppm 490 90 320

7. F-solvents F-solvents l Due to solvent properties and optimized equipment design, F-solvents emissions are 6 to 9 times lower than CFC-113 and HCFC-141b emissions in identical applications! l Consumption data (given as an indication): l in idle conditions:10-20 g/m 2.h l in real operation conditions:40-60 g/m 2.h l 72-hour test with cooling system always turned on (closed top 16 hours) l heating system turned on 8 hours / day with open top during operation l cleaning of screws in a 10kg basket with a cycle time of 6 minutes

8. F-solvents - Equipment Design Key Equipment Enhancements for Open Top Systems l Increased Freeboard height (recommended ratio = 1.8) l Optimized cooling coil system (DuPont’s Triple Guard ® ) l Robot vs. manual handling (maximum vertical speed = 0.01 m/s, and maximum horizontal speed = 0.03 m/s). l Sliding lid, to avoid any piston effect l Superheating chamber (10-15 ºC above boiling point) Optimized equipment design impacts the solvent consumption, NOT the cleaning and drying performance! F-3

9. F-solvents - Equipment Design Reference consumption data (indication) With a higher freeboard and improved cooling system: l Machine (idle) with heat on & cooling system on (open top) < 15 g / m 2.h l Machine (idle) with heat off & cooling system on (closed top) < 10 g / m 2.h l Machine (work) with heat on & cooling system on (open top) 50 - 130 g / m 2.h 40 - 80 g / m 2.h (with robot) 20 - 60 g / m 2.h (with robot & sliding lid)

10. F-solvents - Equipment Design Recommended freeboard and cooling system design l Simpler (thus less expensive) design than the original Triple Guard ® System l Lower position of the dehumidifier coils and higher temperature lead to reduced turbulence, thus lower solvent losses l Deflectors break the convection movement generated by the low temperature of the diffusion control coils l Dehumidifier coils restrain the entry of air moisture, thus the rapid freezing of the diffusion control coils

11. F-solvents - Equipment Design The equipment alternatives l Open Top machines l Hermetic machines l “Hybrid” solutions (pseudo-closed machines) Choice depends on: l regulatory constraints l company internal policy (ISO 14000 certification) l characteristics of the cleaning process (type, number and specificity of the parts) l batch or in-line production mode F-1

12. Vertrel ® - Equipment Design Comparison of equipment types Open Top Hermetic Hybrid easy process integration almost no solvent losses minimized floor space eco-efficiency lower capital investment long-term cost of ownership THE COMPROMISE higher solvent consumption batch mode only atmospheric emissions more floor space needed short-term cost of ownership high capital investment F-2 + -

13. F-solvents vs. other cleaning agents Aqueous systems l Potential corrosion of metal parts l Low rinsing quality l Separate drying step needed, lower drying quality l Longer cycle time l Energy intense l High capital investment for the equipment l Disposal & recycling possibilities of contaminated water l Water availability & price in some regions

14. F-solvents vs. other cleaning agents Chlorinated & bromine-containing solvents l Toxicity l Material compatibility l Ozone depletion l Flashpoint controversy l Odor l Presence of stabilizers (Need of periodical monitoring to avoid hydrolysis (acidification) of the solvent) l Difficult process monitoring l Need to use expensive equipments

15. F-solvents vs. other cleaning agents Alcohols and hydrocarbons l Flammability of alcohols l Poor rinsing quality with hydrocarbons (no vapor zone) l Difficult drying with hydrocarbons (higher BP, thus higher drying temperature needed)