2.  Plot is the action or sequence of events in a story  A plot is comprised of five basic elements:  Exposition—background information and basic situation such as setting (time and place) and characters are introduced  Rising Action—the events that lead up to the climax  Climax—the most intense moment or most suspenseful  Falling Action—the events that happen after the climax  Resolution—end of the story when all loose ends are tied up

3.  Cause and effect is the connection or relationship between an event or reason, and its effects or results  A cause makes something occur; an effect is the outcome of the cause

4. Ponyboy falls asleep in the vacant log Ponyboy is late getting home Darry is very worried and angry Darry hits Ponyboy because they are arguing Ponyboy runs away Note: Each event can be the cause of another event, which would make the resulting event an effect. Therefore, the same event can be both a cause and effect depending on the situation.

5.  Cause—Ponyboy fell asleep in the vacant lot  Effect—Ponyboy got home very late  Cause—Ponyboy got home very late  Effect—Darry was angry  Cause—Darry was angry  Effect—Darry hit Ponyboy  Cause—Darry hit Ponyboy  Effect—Ponyboy ran away

7.  Sub-Plot is a smaller story within a larger story. Ponyboy goes to the movie with Johnny They meet Cherry and Marcia They run into the Socs on their way home and the girls go with them so they leave. The Socs return later to fight Johnny and Pony Tim Shepard finds out that it was Dally that slit his tires. Tim sets out to find Dally for a fight Tim and Dally get into a fight Dally heads to Buck Merril’s to rest Ponyboy and Johnny go to Buck’s to ask Dally for help.

9.  C ONFLICT is the struggle or clash between opposing characters or opposing forces  E XTERNAL CONFLICT : a struggle between a character and an outside force person vs. person person vs. society person vs. nature person vs. technology person vs. supernatural person vs. fate  I NTERNAL CONFLICT : a struggle within a character person vs. self (physical) person vs. self (mental) person vs. self (emotional)

10. Use The Outsiders to find the following forms of conflict and list them on your paper:  List 1 internal conflict from  List 1 external conflict (Character vs Character)  List 1 external conflict (Character vs Society)  List 1 external conflict (Character vs Nature)

12.  The underlying or implicit meaning, concept, or message in a text  Think of theme as the moral of the story  It must be stated in sentence form  Example: You shouldn’t count your chickens before they hatch  Example: It is better to have loved and lost than to never have loved at all.

13. Pick your favorite fairy tale and describe the theme. Explain why you believe that is the theme of the fairy tale.

15.  Point of view is the perspective from which a story is told  first person point of view: the narrator participates in the action and refers to himself/herself as “I”  second person point of view: not frequently used; the “you” indirections, explanations or arguments  third person point of view: the narrator is not a character in the story, and refers to the characters as “he” or “she” as the events are told limited omniscient point of view: the narrator relates the inner thoughts and feelings of just one character omniscient point of view: the narrator is all-knowing and can relate the inner thoughts and feelings of all the characters

16.  Selection One: Once upon a time there lived a princess who would have been perfectly happy except for one thing: In a moment of weakness, she had promised to marry a frog. Her father felt sorry for her, but he insisted that she keep her word (In face, he was a little nervous—he’d never met a talking frog before). “After all, a promise is a promise,” agreed her mother, who thought the frog was better looking than the princess’s last boyfriend. Little did any of the royal family know who the frog really was.

18.  We get the thoughts and feeling of all of the characters, not just one of them  It does not just follow one character around, but rather the narrator seems to be looking down on the action and is all-knowing  The narrator is not a character in the story

19.  Selection Two: I couldn’t believe that my parents were actually going to make me marry a slimy, ugly, bulgy-eyed frog! They didn’t feel sorry for me at all! All they cared about was a stupid promise I never thought I’d have to keep.

21.  Only one person’s thoughts are presented  Told from one of the character’s perspectives  Uses the pronoun “I” when referring to the narrator

22.  Selection Three: The princess tried desperately to get out of her promise. “It was all my parent’s fault,” she thought. They were so unfair. But she had a nagging feeling that she had only herself to blame—and the frog. “I wonder if the royal chef knows how to cook frog’s legs?” she said to herself.

24.  the narrator is not a character in the story, and refers to the characters as “he” or “she” as the events are told  the narrator relates the inner thoughts and feelings of just one character

25. Write one paragraph about this photo from first-person point of view, another from third-person limited omniscient, and another from third-person omniscient point of view.

27.  The feeling created in the reader, evoked through the language of the text

30.  A literary device in which the author presents hints or clues about future events  Flashback is the opposite literary device, in which the author presents information that happened in an earlier time before the events currently taking place  Suspense is excitement cause by wondering what will happen (authors use many techniques to create suspense)

33.  To evaluate is to make a judgment of quality based on evidence  Therefore, to evaluate the decision making process of characters would be to judge the quality of the way the character arrived at a decision

34.  Do you think the process Johnny and Ponyboy used to come up with a plan after killing Bob was a quality process?  Do you agree with the decision that was made?  Make sure you use RAP in your answer!