1. Bell Quiz: Use Pages (Use a full sheet of paper today) RemiNDER: Cell phones off and stored in your pocket or backpack!
What type of governments were established in all 13 colonies? (Review Question)
Who was the King of England at the time of the revolution?
How did the Sugar Act cause tension between the colonists and England?
How did the colonists respond to the Stamp Act and the Townshend Acts?
What do you think King George set out to achieve when he disciplined Massachusetts with the Intolerable Acts?

2. Bell Quiz Answers Self-Government King George III (3rd)
Colonists believed the Sugar Act would reduce their profits and these taxes were implemented without their consent (approval). Remember: The colonists believe they are self-governed.
Colonists protested, adopted resolutions denouncing the Stamp Act, and boycotted buying British goods.
King George wanted to isolate and punish Massachusetts (they are a bunch of rebels) in the hope that the colony would become more obedient. Also wanted to keep the conflict from spreading.

3. Today’s Objectives The Student Will…
explain the causes and effects of the American Revolution
examine how the Declaration of Independence became the foundation for extending civil liberties to all people

4. Video
America The Story of US Assignment: Write down 20 Notes from the video. Put them on the back of your bell quiz.

5. Read Break-Up Letter

6. Colonists
The founders of these settlements hoped to make a large profit.
Those colonists who actually settled in North America came for other reasons.
Colonists came to find greater political and religious freedom, or better lives for their families.
The English also brought Slavery to their colonies.
Slavery was most common in the southern colonies and in the Caribbean.
Most of England’s colonies were self-governed and had some form of representative assembly (Royal Colonies).
Official control remained with the English monarchy.
Salutary Neglect was practiced in the colonies= From Britain refused to enforce trade laws or laws of parliament.

7. Mercantilism
Under the policy of mercantilism, colonies existed for the economic benefit of the home country.
In the 1650s Parliament began to pass laws to enforce this policy.
Required colonists to sell certain products only to Britain.
Discouraged colonists from manufacturing their own goods.
Colonists resented the British trade regulation, and found way to evade the laws.

8. Increased Imperial Control
The war with France left Britain with a huge debt.
Britain expected the colonists to pay off the debt.
Britain started imposing increased taxes on the colonies
The Sugar Act of 1764
The Stamp Act
Colonists argued against the taxes because they had no representation in British Parliament.
“No taxation without representation”.
Salutary Neglect was practiced in the colonies= From Britain refused to enforce trade laws or laws of parliament.
The American colonies refused to obey the laws/acts of Britain or pay their taxes.

9. The American Revolution
July 4, 1776 the colonists met in the 2nd Continental Congress and adopted the Declaration of Independence, establishing the United States of America.
George Washington was the commander of the American forces.
Most of the Fighting took place between 1776 and
In 1783 the British and the Americans signed the Treaty of Paris.
The Americans had won independence and a territory much larger than the original 13 colonies.

10. 4 Themes of Declaration of Independence
Social Contract
Right to revolution.
Popular Sovereignty
Natural Rights

11. Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes: Outlined his political philosophy in the book Leviathan.
Hobbes believed that people chose a leader to rule them to avoid chaos.
People made an unwritten SOCIAL CONTRACT that gave leaders absolute power.
People give up their individual liberties for group safety and social order.
POPULR SOVEREIGNTY: the authority of the government is derived from the consent of the people.
People had to obey the ruler no matter what, or else their natural selfishness would result in disaster and chaos for everyone.

12. John Locke: 1632-1704 John Locke disagreed with Hobbes.
Locke stated his ideas in his writings the “Two Treaties of Government”.
Locke agreed that people enter into a social contract with the government.
Individuals had the NATURAL RIGHT to life, liberty, and property.
Locke argued that these individual rights were superior to laws of the government.
Rulers that violated these rights violated natural laws and broke the social contract.
Locke stated that Governments existed for the sole purpose of protecting individual rights.
People had the right to change their government (REVOLT) if it became oppressive.

13. Baron de Montesquieu: 1748
Believed in checks and balances within government between executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial branch.

14. Voltaire
“I may disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”
Supported religious freedom and freedom of speech.

15. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: 1762
The SOCIAL CONTRACT:
People are naturally good but environment, education ,and laws corrupt them.
People can preserve their innocence if they choose their own government.
Opposed a strong government because he felt it brought corruption and misery.

16. Governing the New Nation
The first plan of government in the United States was the Articles of Confederation (1781).
The Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak to effectively run the country.
September 1787 the United States Constitution is ratified, and went into affect 1789.
This new federal governments was divided into three branches.
The Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial.
Each branch acts as a check on the power of the other branches.
1791, The Bill of Rights (the first ten amendments) were added to the Constitution in an effort to protect the rights of individuals.

17. Homework Assignment: Due Thursday (A Day), Friday (B Day)
Use your textbooks and your technology to…
Define the following terms: Popular Sovereignty, Limited Government, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Judicial Review, and Federalism.
Explain why the Founding Fathers of the U.S. Built our government upon that principle.
Explain how it is used or give an example of how it has been used.