1. TAS Angelfish Naming Conventions Part 2 – Phenotype Names A Presentation for The Angelfish Society by Tamar Stephens

2. Introduction This is Part 2 of a 2-part series. Part 1 explained what genetic notation is, and how the TAS genetic notation for angelfish of the species Pterophyllum scalare is structured. Part 2 explains the rules used by the TAS Genetics Calculator to create phenotype names from the genotypes.

3. Vocabulary refresher Genetic notation – letters used to represent genes and alleles Phenotype - The appearance of an individual, such as smokey or zebra. Genotype - The genes that create a particular phenotype.

4. What does the Genetics Calculator Do? The calculator generates genotypes for any hypothetical crosses using the alleles programmed into the calculator. The calculator generates phenotype names for any genotype for parents and for offspring. This presentation will show you the rules used by the Genetics Calculator to create a phenotype name.

5. In Part 1 we saw how the Genetics Calculator displays the genotype. You can view Part 1 on the TAS website at: mhtml:http://www.theangelfishsociety.org/presentations/TASNamingPart1 Genotypes1.mht!TASNamingPart1Genotypes-1_files/frame.htm Or look for it on the “Presentations” page at: http://www.theangelfishsociety.org/PresentationsTAS.htm

6. The genotype lists the alleles at each locus in this order: 1Dark Locus (D, M, Gm, g) 2Zebra/Stripeless Locus (Z,S) 3Smokey (Sm) 4Veil (V) 5Half-black (h) 6Pearly (p) 7Albino (a) 8Streaked (St)

7. But the phenotype name does not follow the same order!

8. Phenotype names are created with a different logic. Here are the Naming Rules…

9. Phenotype names are based on the following hierarchy. 1. albino 2. gold, gold marble, marble 3. streaked 4. zebra, smokey, chocolate, leopard 5. half-black 6. dark descriptions 7. Gm/+ 8. ghost, blushing 9. pearlscale 10. veil 11. common names that have stuck 12. exceptions

10. 1. Albino (a/a) If the angelfish has the genotype a/a, it is simply an albino. For any other genotype that includes a/a, “albino” will list first in the phenotype name. Examples g/g – a/a  albino gold Gm/g – a/a  albino gold marble Sm/+ - a/a  albino smokey Albino

11. 2. Gold, gold marble, marble Gold, gold marble, or marble will come next if both alleles at this locus are some combination of M, Gm, or g. (M/M, M/Gm, M/g, Gm/Gm, Gm/g, or g/g) Examples: M/M – a/a  albino marble Gm/Gm – a/a  albino gold marble Gm/Gm – +/a  gold marble M/g – V/+  marble veil Gold Marble

12. 3.Streaked - St/+ or St/St. Streaked comes next if the fish contains St/+ or St/St and has a dark allele (D). Streaked generally doesn’t show in the phenotype unless a dark allele is present, so only use “streaked” if a dark allele is present. Examples: D/+ – St/+  Streaked black lace D/g – St/St  Streaked hybrid black D/D – St/+  Streaked double dark black Streaked Black Lace

13. 4. Smokey (Sm) combinations with or without Zebra (Z) Zebra, smokey, chocolate or leopard will come next if the fish is Sm/+, Sm/Sm with or without zebra. Examples: Sm/+  smokey Sm/+ - a/a  albino smokey M/+ - Sm/+  smokey marble Sm/Sm  chocolate Sm/+ - Z/+  smokey leopard Sm/Sm – Z/Z  leopard Sm/Sm – Z/Z - D/+  leopard lace Z/+ - a/a  albino zebra Smokey Leopard

14. 5. Half-black (h/h) Half-black is added after the previous color mutations. Examples: h/h  half-black Z/Z – h/h  zebra half-black Z/Z – h/h – a/a  albino zebra half-black Zebra Half-Black (in foreground)

15. 6. Dark allele (D) Dark allele descriptions follow half-black a.Lace for D/+ b.Hybrid black for D/g, D/Gm, and D/M c.Black (dd) or double dark black for D/D d.Because half-black lace sounds strange, the lace was placed before the half-black for half-blacks with D/+. Other dark combinations like hybrid black and clown black were placed after the half-black.

16. 6a. Dark Allele (D) continued Lace is used for any phenotype with D/+ at the dark locus. Examples: D/+  black lace D/+ - Sm/+  smokey lace D/+ - Z/+ - a/a  albino zebra lace Black lace angelfish

17. 6b. Dark Allele (D) continued Hybrid black is used for genotypes with D/g, D/Gm, and D/M Examples: D/g - S/+  hybrid black ghost D/g - Sm/+  smokey hybrid black D/Gm - h/h  half black hybrid black

18. 6c. Dark allele (D) continued Use Black (dd) or double dark black for D/D Example: D/D – Sm/+  smokey black (dd) D/D – Z+  zebra black (dd) Smokey Black

19. 6d. Dark allele (D) continued Because half-black lace sounds strange, the lace was placed before the half-black for half-blacks with D/+. Other dark combinations like hybrid black and clown black were placed after the half-black. Examples: D/+ - Z/+ - h/h  zebra lace half-black D/g – Z/+ - h/h  zebra half-black hybrid black

20. 7. Gold Marble To differentiate gold marble Gm/Gm and Gm/g from angelfish with Gm/+, gold marble will be added as the final “color” mutation description if the fish is Gm/+. Examples: Gm/g - S/S  gold marble blushing Gm/+ - S/S  blushing gold marble Blushing Gold Marble (aka “blue koi”) Gold Marble Blushing (aka “koi”)

21. 8. Ghost and Blushing Ghost and blushing are added to the end of the name after the other color mutations. Ghost can be listed in parenthesis when its effect is questionable. (Marble, gold, gold marble and smokey.) Examples D/g – S/+  hybrid black ghost D/g – S/S  hybrid black blushing M/M – S/+  marble (ghost) M/M – S/S  marble blushing Marble Blushing

22. 9. Pearl Scale Pearlscale is added after all other “color” mutations if the fish is p/p Examples: g/g – p/p  gold pearl scale D/+ - Sm/+ - p/p  smokey lace pearl scale h/h – p/p  half-black pearl scale Gold Pearl Scale

23. 10. Veil and Super-veil Veil is added at the end if the fish is V/+ and super-veil if the fish is V/V. Examples: g/g – V/+  gold veil g/g – V/V  gold super-veil Gold super-veil

24. 11. Common names that have “stuck” Several common names are in wide enough usage that the calculator was programmed to provide that name. S/Z  silver clown D/+ - S/Z  clown black Gm/Gm - S/S or Gm/g – S/S  koi D/+ - S/S  turquoise Sm/+ - Z/+ or Sm/+ - Z/Z  smokey leopard Sm/Sm – Z/Z or Sm/Sm - Z/+  leopard D/D – S/S, D/g – S/S  black velvet (any form of black blushing) Gm/+ S/S*  blue koi (*Gm/+ - S/S is commonly referred to by many people as a “blue koi” but the genetics calculator calls it “blushing gold marble.”)

25. 12. Names that don’t fit the rules - Clowns Z/S  silver clown With D/D or D/g the fish is darker and the clown markings are harder to see, so “black” precedes “clown.” D/g – Z/S  hybrid black clown D/D – Z/S  black clown With D/+ the clown markings are more apparent, so “clown” precedes “black to distinguish the phenotype from a black clown. D/+ - Z/S  clown black Black Clown

26. Miscellaneous The Genetics Calculator will not give names based on alleles that do not show in the phenotype. For instance, Gm/Gm, Gm/g, and g/g are epistatic (suppress the expression) to smokey, halfblack and zebra. Thus, with a single dose of gold marble, both gold marble and smokey will show in this genotype: Gm/+ - Sm/+  smokey gold marble But with Gm/Gm, Gm/g, or g/g the half-black, smokey or zebra alleles do not show up in the phenotype, so the names are simply: Gm/Gm – Sm/+  gold marble Gm/g – h/h  gold marble g/g – Z/Z – h/h  gold

27. What a lot to remember! Fortunately, you do not really need to remember all these rules. As you work with your own angelfish, you will become comfortable with the names that apply to them. If you do a cross that gives you a phenotype that is new to your experience, you can use the genetics calculator to help you figure out what to call it. Don’t forget that the Phenotype Library is a resource to help you understand what most of the possible genotypes will look like.

28. The End Back to the chat room for questions, answers, discussion!