1. Civil Rights AP US Government (Chapter 6)

2. Presentation Outline Defining Civil Rights Civil Rights Amendments
African-Americans
Women’s Rights
Affirmative Action
Gays and New Civil Rights Groups

3. 1) Civil Rights v Civil Liberties
Civil Rights: Freedom from unequal treatment
Ex: race, gender
Civil Liberties: Basic, guaranteed rights
Ex: Bill of Rights (speech, religion, arms)

4. Civil Rights
*Definition The rights of people to be treated without unreasonable or unconstitutional differences.
The responsibility to determine unreasonable is held by the government.

5. 2) Civil Rights Amendments
13th Amendment (1865): Abolished slavery 14th Amendment(1868): Equal Protection 15th Amendment (1870): Right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of color 19th Amendment (1920): Right to vote cannot be denied on the basis of gender 24th Amendment (1964): Prohibits states from using poll taxes in federal elections

6. Groups
Blacks
Women
Homosexuals
Minorities
Disabled

7. 3) African Americans Problems Inequality Segregation Discrimination
Unable to fairly participate in politics
What are the solutions to these problems?

8. African Americans Solutions Gain support of political elites
Publicize grievances
Television
Organize movement
Million Man March
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Used Courts instead of Congress Pushed civil rights to the front of the political agenda

9. 14th Amendment Ex-Slaves made citizens
Due-Process clause applied to states
Equal-Protection clause
Originally only essential rights were protected
Serving on jury-protected
Checking into hotel-NOT protected

10. Plessy v Ferguson (1896)
Determined that ‘Separate but Equal’ facilities comply with 14th Amendment
Originally intended for railroad cars but eventually applied to all public facilities

11. NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Formed by black and whites in 1909 in response to race riots
Made it a goal to repeal ‘Separate but Equal’ doctrine
Provided Lobbyists/ Lawyers

12. Brown v Board Education Topeka, Kansas (1954)
Decision- ‘Separate but Equal’ has a detrimental effect on upon colored children by generating a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community, and may effect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely to ever be undone”
Unanimous opinion
Stated in a way that would make it EXTREMELY difficult to overturn

13. Brown v Board Education Topeka, Kansas (1954)
Implementation
‘With All Deliberate Speed’
National Guard called to help
The rise in black voters eventually made fighting the decision impossible
By the1970’s 14% of blacks still attended all black schools

14. Congress and the Civil Rights Movement
Many House and Senate committees were controlled by southern democrats
Non-racist whites were completely indifferent to black issues
Civil disobedience used to push movement up on political agenda
Often criticized for moving too fast- too radical

15. Civil Rights Movement-Momentum
1. Public Opinion-Slowly began to favor blacks
2. Violent attacks by whites publicized by television
3. Assassination of JFK-
Originally thought to be a right-wing conspiracy
Election-
Lyndon Johnson & Northern Democrats in House and Senate

16. Civil Rights Act of 1964
Made racial discrimination illegal in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other places of public accommodation
Forbade discrimination in employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion or gender
Created the (EEOC) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to monitor and enforce protections against job discrimination
Provided for withholding federal grants from state and local governments and other institutions that practiced racial discrimination
Strengthened voting rights legislation
Authorized the US Justice Department to initiate lawsuits to desegregate public schools and facilities

18. Voting Rights Act of 1965
A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage.
Hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered, and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.

19. Black voter participation before and after the Voting Rights Act

20. Racial Profiling ‘Driving while black’
Ferguson, Missouri (cops targeting young Black men)
Middle Easterners
Post 9/11
Is it right for law enforcement to target a group that statistically commits more crimes???

21. 4) Women’ Rights Right to vote- 19th Amendment (1920)
Equal Pay for Equal Work (pregnancy)
Sexual Harassment
Equal Opportunities-1964 &1972 Civil Rights Acts
Employment
Advancement
Education

22. Women’s Rights Problems
Some laws were in place to protect women while creating inequality
Ex: Oregon law limiting work for women based on physical strength and capacity for long-continued labor

23. Women’s Laws Title IX of the Education Act of 1972
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978: forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs
1996 Supreme Court decided that single gender schooling violates women’s right to equal protection of the law

24. Women in the Military
Women are now part of the regular service since 1975
Make up 15% in the Armed forces
Discrepancies:
1. Only men must register for the draft
2. Prohibits women from serving in combat (today=no ground combat in Army and Marines)

25. 5) Affirmative Action
Designed to increase minority participation in business, schools, unions, or government agencies
Should the Constitution be blind to color, race, and religion or level the playing field??

26. Affirmative Action
Reverse Discrimination- Using race or sex to give preferential treatment to certain people
Equality of Opportunity- Giving people an equal chance to succeed
If life is a race, should the government set the starting line?

27. Affirmative Action… In employment United Steelworks v. Weber (1979)
Quotas to remedy past discrimination are constitutional.
Adarand Constructors v. Pena (1995)
To be constitutional, affirmative action must be “narrowly tailored” to meet a “compelling governmental interest.”
Did not ban affirmative action, but severely limited its reach

28. 6) Newly Active Groups under Civil Rights
Gay Liberation Movement
People with Disabilities
Gay and Lesbian Rights Groups
How has civil rights helped these groups?

29. Gay and Lesbian Rights Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
Overturned Bowers
Private homosexual acts are protected by the Constitution
Gay marriage
Many state constitutions amended to prohibit practice

30. Americans with Disabilities
Americans With Disabilities Act (1990):
Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability