1. Math Models & Algebra I
CBA Review

2. Tips and tricks to taking the test…
-Read the question THOROUGHLY and highlight what they are actually asking
-look for keywords and terms (such as difference, range,
domain and rate)
-remember NOT to rush through questions
-remember to read what the x and y axes are
when looking at a graph
-read ALL the answers and compare to the question being asked.
***Sometimes all answers are correct- but which one is the correct answer for what is being asked?

3. Common Representations of Slope and equations
-Slope: the rate of change, the steepness on a graph

4. Slope can be negative or positive,….

5. Or slope can be constant (zero) or Undefined…
REMEMBER: A vertical line is UNDEFINED;
someone is trying to divide the slope by ZERO when given 2 points

6. Intercepts are when the line crosses the x or y axes
-An x-intercept is when the line crosses the x-axis (AKA a ZERO)
-when given a table it is when the y value = 0
-A y-intercept is when the line crosses the y-axis
-when given a table it is when the x value = 0

7. Slope-Intercept Equation of a Line
The form y = mx + b is called slope-intercept form because
It gives the user both the slope of a line (m) and the y-intercept (b)
y = mx + b
y = 2x + 3
m = 2, and is the slope
of the line
b = 3, and is the value of
y when it hits the y-axis
***The y-intercept is ALWAYS in
The form (0, b)***

8. Manipulating equations and graphs – AKA parameter changes
When give an equation in the form y = mx + b, the graph can
be manipulated by making changes to m or b.
If we increase the size of m (POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE),
we make the slope steeper and ROTATE the line
about the y-axis
If we decrease the size of m (think decimals & fractions)
we make the slope LESS steep and ROTATE the line

10. Comparisons
-Ratios and Proportions
Sometimes we need to compare two numerical values
For example, look at the slope of 2
When written as a fraction, it is 2/1 (spoken as 2 to 1)
-This means we move up 2 and over 1 on the graph
Sometimes we can compare 2 types of data that are proportional
And guess what value will come next.
EX 1:
In this case, when x
Increases, the value of y
Increases by a value of 3.
This is a 1 to 3 proportion

11. Too much math, too soon… Have a laugh!
The red arrow
Shows that the
Teacher was
NOT amused

12. Review Problems
What is the equation of this line?

13. What are we given?
The graph shows the y-intercept
As (0,-3)
The points give to us are
(-1, -5) and (4, 5)
We can calculate the slope with
The equation
The value of the slope of this line is m = 2

14. We now know that the
Slope is m = 2 and the
Y-intercept is (0,3)
The equation of a line
Is the form y = mx + b
To find the equation of this
Particular line, we just
Substitute the values of m and b
With what we found
y = mx + b
y = 2 x - 3

15. But what if they ask for something
Crazy like-
What happens if we increase the
Slope to 4?
THINK BACK TO WHAT YOU KNOW
A larger m value means a
Larger slope which means…
STEEPER LINE!
You can recognize it by figuring out the equation of the line and
Multiplying the m value by 4, OR you can look at graphs and see
Imagine the line ROTATING counter-clockwise to become steeper

16. GRAPHSSSSSSSS
Watching Spongebob
Amount of time
Time periods while in school

17. Not kidding. This may be an amusing graph, but at the same time
It represents a lot of things.
Watching Spongebob
Amount of time
Time periods while in school
This graph shows trends- it shows what time periods are
Increasing or decreasing.

18. Analyzing the graph, we see that we don’t watch as much
SBSP between middle school and high school. The amount doesn’t
Increase or decrease. It stays the SAME (0 slope).
It decreases after elementary and INCREASES after high school

19. You can wish for a “rain day”, but it’ll probably not happen
In San Antonio any time soon ;)

20. We know how to get slope from an equation
In the form y = mx + b
Too easy! It’s always the number ATTACHED to the x.
But what if it ISN’T in slope-intercept form?
Example:
2y = 12x + 4
It LOOKS like y = mx + b except
one MAJOR distractor
y MUST be by itself.
THEY ARE TRYING TO TRICK YOU!

21. We want the equation in the form y = mx + b
-which means y MUST be by itself!
m = 6 and b = 2
If we wanted to find the
Y-intercept, we HAVE to
Be careful during multiple choice
They could put (0,2) and (2,0)
You MUST remember that the
y-intercept ALWAYS ALWAYS
SIEMPRE ALWAYS has x = 0.

23. Elisa made horchata for her Abuela’s birthday party. The graph
Models the relationship between the number of glasses of horchata
Served and the amount of horchata remaining.
(Because, you know, when getting ready for someone’s birthday you
Have all this extra time to sit around and make graphs…)

24. In this situation, what does the x-intercept represent?
Elisa is serving 12 ounces of horchata per glass
Elisa started with 320 ounces of horchata
Elisa has enough horchata for about 26 servings
Elisa can serve about 5 people per gallon

25. This question is asking for The x-intercept. NOT the slope,
Not starting amount.
The x-intercept ONLY.
Elisa is serving 12 ounces of horchata per glass
-this is TRUE  but what does it have to do with (26, 0)?
Elisa started with 320 ounces of horchata
-this is also TRUE  but what about (26, 0)?
Elisa has enough horchata for about 26 servings
-this IS the point (26, 0)  directly affect x-intercept
Elisa can serve about 5 people per gallon
-this is FALSE  but does it have anything to do with (26, 0)? NO!

26. On a certain day the exchange rate of Mexican pesos for U. S
On a certain day the exchange rate of Mexican pesos for U.S. dollars was approximately 10 pesos for 1 dollar. If an exchange of 4,000 pesos was made that day, what was the approximate value of the exchange in dollars?
$40
$400
$4,000
$40,000
Think back to rates and proportions.
10 is to $1 as 4,000 pesos is to …?

27. 10 pesos for every 1 dollar
If we had 4,000 pesos, would we divide or multiply by 10?
Knowing 10 pesos = $1 shows that the dollar has a higher value
 The more pesos you have, the less dollars you have
 In this case we would divide 4,000 pesos by 10
 Finally we have $400 for 4,000 pesos

29. The following graph shows the rate at which gas is leaving
The gas tank depending on the type of car that is driven
And how far it is driven. For this graph- Which car is in 2nd place
for best gas mileage?

30. Look at ALL the lines and THINK about what is happening.
All slopes are DECREASING. But does mean any of these lines are “slow”?
NO! Some are slower or faster than other.
We want to find the BEST gas mileage- what does that mean?
We want to find the car that
Goes the FARTHEST on one
tank of gas.
For this graph, we look for the
Highest x-value.
What other assumptions can
Be made from this graph?

31. Maserati GranSport 2012 Concept Art

32. For a car traveling at a speed of 150 miles per hour, the relationship
Between the distance traveled, d, and the time traveled, t, is
Described by the function d = 50t. Which of the following
Statements is true?
The time traveled depends on the distance traveled
The distance traveled depends on the time traveled
The speed of the car depends on the distance traveled
The speed of the car depends on the time traveled

33. For a car traveling at a speed of 150 miles per hour, the relationship
Between the distance traveled, d, and the time traveled, t, is
Described by the function d = 50t. Which of the following
Statements is true?
Let’s look at what is going on. The function we are asked to evaluate
Is d = 50t.
This is in the form of y = mx + b.
We know that we is always DEPENDENT on x which is INDEPENDENT.
Here, if we line up the two equations we see…
Now let’s look back at our choices.

34. For a car traveling at a speed of 150 miles per hour, the relationship
Between the distance traveled, d, and the time traveled, t, is
Described by the function d = 50t. Which of the following
Statements is true?
The time traveled depends on the distance traveled
The distance traveled depends on the time traveled
The speed of the car depends on the distance traveled
The speed of the car depends on the time traveled
Distance is y and DEPENDENT
Time is x and INDEPENDENT
Therefore, distance DEPENDS on time

35. No, whale is NOT an answer on your exam…
(Dr. Todd’s kids know the answer is ALWAYS unicorn!)

36. Function Notation Tutorial
y = mx + b
f(x) = mx + b
Guess what? f(x) is the same as y.
It is the shorthand for “y is a FUNCTION of x”
What if we have f(x) = 2x + 1, and x = 5?
Then we substitute in: f(5) = 2x + 1
f(5) = 2(5) + 1
f(5) =
f(5) = 11

37. But what happens when they
Give us f(2) = 6?
OH NO NO NO NO NO…
Wait! It’s ok.
We know f(2) = 6
So if we are asked to find x, it’s OK…
Don’t freak out. DON’T be a
Squidward.
If f(x) = x + 4,
What is x if f(x) = 6?
No worry! We know y is a function of x.
y = 6. Just substitute and solve.
6 = x + 4
2 = x

38. Let’s make it harder.
Which function includes the following data set?
(2, 4 ) and (9, 18 )?
a) Y = x/2
b) Y = 2x - 9
c) Y = 2x
d) Y = (x/2) + 3
A point is made up of TWO parts- an x and a y.
Plug x into each of the equations and see what your y is.