1. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD1 Brief history of wireless communications DIMETIC PhD course 9 October 2007 (2a), Maastricht Bent Dalum DRUID/IKE, Dep. of Business Studies, CTIF Aalborg University

2. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD2 The telecom SSI – the major components 1.Fixed lined (’wired’) telephony equipment 2.Fixed line data transmission equipment 3.Mobile telephony (’wireless’) equipment 4.Satellite communications equipment 5.Telecom operators, incl. satellite based 6.Data transmission through cable TV 7.Internet service providers 8.Etc.

3. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD3 Wireless technologies and services Microwaves - Radiocommunications 1) Mobile and cordless communications (equipment for terminals and infrastructure) –2G: GSM, 2+ (GPRS, EDGE) –DECT –Bluetooth –TETRA –3G: UMTS, CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA, 3+ (HSDPA) –4G? 2) Components for mobile terminals 3) Mobile services (operators, content producers, etc.) 4) Maritime communications and navigation –communication (VHF, UHF & satellite) –navigation (satellite)

4. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD4 Disruptive Technology S-curves for the established and disruptive technologies

5. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD5 Technological life cycles The technological life cycles of the mobile communication industry

6. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD6 Wireless history – the origins University research 1860-1890s: Maxwell, Hertz, Branley, Lodge, Popoff.. Commercial application: Wireless Telegraph Company founded by Marconi 1897 Wireless transmission across the Atlantic 1901 by Marconi One dominant group of customers: the navies

7. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD7 Wireless history – public broadcasting Consumer radio based on radio valves or tubes took off from the early 1920s RCA founded 1919 General Electric (Edison) and Westinghouse the major equipment producers Europe: Philips, Telefunken, AEG, Siemens

8. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD8 Wireless history – 0G (’landmobile’) Major boost during WW2 Boost of non-military applications after WW2 The commercial fleets: maritime radiocommunications ’Landmobile’: police, firefighters, transport companies (truck fleets, taxis etc.) Major companies in landmobile: General Electric, Motorola (founded in Chicago with the emergence of wireless technologies – the Galvin family) Danish Storno (founded 1947): No. 3 producer of equipment world wide in the 1960/70s.

9. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD9 Wireless history – 1G a US invention, but… AT&T introduces first mobile telephony system in 1946 in St. Louis. Bell Labs scientist Ring invents the concept of cellular systems in 1947 1971 AT&T, RCA and Motorola file proposals to use 800 MHz band for cellular systems 1983 FCC grants first commercial cellular licenses 1983 Ameritech launched first commercial cellular system in Chicago.

10. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD10 Wireless history – 1G the Nordic market became the ’lead user’ NMT standardization began in 1970 among the Nordic PTO. NMT 450 MHz implemented in Sweden October 1980 and in Denmark, Finland and Norway in early 1981. However, first implementation actually in Saudi Arabia August 1980.

11. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD11 Wireless history – 1G (analogue) the various standards NMT 450 and 900 from appr. 1985 1993 NMT introduced in 36 countries AMPS actually introduced in more countries than (e.g Latin America) But the penetration ratios in the Nordic countries significantly larger than anywhere else in the world. TACS in the UK and C-450 in West Germany

12. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD12 Wireless history – 2G (digital) the various standards GSM from 1992: an EU effort. NMT ’copied’ - as an institution - and enlarged to the entire EU. ETSI formed in 1988 (took over from CEPT). GSM: the world winner. Operated in 103 countries in 1996. D-AMPS (Motorola and AT&T) and CDMA (Qualcomm) in the US. PDC in Japan.

13. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD13 Wireless history – 2G a ’family’ of ETSI standards GSM 900 and GSM 1800 (called DCS 1800) DECT = cordless phones. Never a breakthrough in integration of GSM and DECT, although this will fulfill evident user needs. TETRA: a ’public, but closed’ system for police, firefighters, ambulances etc. ERMES: paging

14. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD14 Wireless history – 2.5G GPRS: always on; makes WAP possible, higher transmission speed EDGE: makes transmission in the 50-100 Kbit within reach GRPS and EDGE are ’extensions’ of the existing GSM networks EDGE is growing fast in the US GSM market

15. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD15 Wireless history – 3G not a world standard IMT2000 a great ITU vision but did not succeed ETSI decision in January 1998 on W- CDMA = UMTS. The 3GPP group. CDMA2000 Qualcomm. 3GPP2. TD-SCDMA China? 3+ HSDPA

16. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD16 The telecom SSI – the major components 1.Fixed lined (’wired’) telephony equipment 2.Fixed line data transmission equipment 3.Mobile telephony (’wireless’) equipment 4.Satellite communications equipment 5.Telecom operators, incl. satellite based 6.Data transmission through cable TV 7.Internet service providers 8.Etc.

17. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD17 The telecom SSI – the major components 1.Fixed lined (’wired’) telephony equipment 2.Fixed line data transmission equipment 3.Mobile telephony (’wireless’) equipment 4.Satellite communications equipment 5.Telecom operators, incl. satellite based 6.Data transmission through cable TV 7.Internet service providers 8.Etc.

18. DIMETIC, Maastricht 9/10-07_BD18 The telecom SSI – the major components 1.Fixed lined (’wired’) telephony equipment 2.Fixed line data transmission equipment 3.Mobile telephony (’wireless’) equipment 4.Satellite communications equipment 5.Telecom operators, incl. satellite based 6.Data transmission through cable TV 7.Internet service providers 8.Etc.