1. CJ © 2011 Cengage Learning Chapter 13 Prisons and Jails

2. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcomes LO1: List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow dramatically in the last several decades. LO2: List and briefly explain the four types of prisons. LO3: Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system. LO4: Explain how jails are administered. LO5: Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration.

3. 1 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow dramatically in the last several decades.

4. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 Factors in prison growth: Penal harm movement Enhancement and stricter enforcement of drug laws Increased probability of incarceration Inmates are serving more time for each crime Federal prison growth Rising incarceration rates for women

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6. Learning Outcome 1 The Prison Construction Boom In 1980, the Federal Bureau of Prisons had a budget of $330 million. Today, its budget is $5 billion. State governments spend more than $49 billion on correction systems. Some believe that the increase in prison space spurred the inmate population boom. 0

7. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 The Role of Prisons Custodial model Rehabilitation model Reintegration model

8. 2 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning List and briefly explain the for types of prisons.

9. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Maximum-Security Prisons: Designed with full attention to security and surveillance. Inmates’ lives are programmed in militaristic fashion and dominated by security measures.

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12. Learning Outcome 2 Supermax: Reserved for the “worst of the worst” A controlled environment Supermax Syndrome – Violate standards for proper treatment? – SHU (security housing unit) syndrome

13. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Medium-Security Prisons: Prisoners who have committed less serious crimes; not considered high risk for escaping or harming others. Offer more educational and training programs. Prisoners have more freedom of movement. Levels of surveillance are lower.

14. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Minimum-Security Prison: Most inmates are first-time offenders. No armed guards. Prisoners allowed TV, computers, freedom of movement. Educational and employment opportunities.

15. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Formal Prison Management: Chain of command (a strong hierarchy is vital) May lack continuity of purpose (rehabilitation versus punishment)

16. © 2011 Cengage Learning CAREERPREP Warden Job Description: As chief managing officer of an adult correctional institution, the warden is responsible for the custody, feeding, clothing, housing, care, treatment, discipline, training, employment, rehabilitation, and well-being of inmates. Provides institutional staff with effective communications, training, and leadership. What Kind of Training Is Required? A bachelor’s degree in criminal justice, social work/psychology, or a related field. One or more years of work experience in the management of a major division of a correctional institution. Annual Salary Range? $42,000–$95,000 (depending on size of institution and geographic region) For additional information, visit: www.legal-criminal-justice- schools.com/Criminal-Justice-Careers/prison-warden.html.

17. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Governing Prison Populations: Order – The absence of misconduct, such as murder, assault and rape Amenities – Comforts that make life “livable,” such as cleaning living conditions, and good food Services – Programs designed to improve inmates’ prospects upon release

18. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Private prisons are correctional facilities operated by private corporations instead of the government. Private prisons are often reliant on profit for survival. Private prison populations are forecasted to continue to grow over the near future.

19. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Why Privatize? Cost efficiency – Competitive bidding – Labor costs – Less red tape Overcrowding and outsourcing

20. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Arguments Against Privatization: Safety concerns Financial concerns Philosophical concerns

21. 3 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system.

22. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 The function of jails: Holding those convicted of misdemeanors. Receiving individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial (if they cannot post bail), conviction, or sentencing. Temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities. Holding the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities.

23. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 The function of jails: Detaining those who have violated conditions of probation or parole and those who have “jumped” bail. Housing inmates awaiting transfer to federal or state prisons. Operating community-based corrections programs such as home confinement and electronic monitoring.

24. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 The Jail Population: 87% of jail inmates are male 30% are pretrial detainees 37% have been convicted of their current charge The remainder of inmates housed include the mentally ill and those awaiting transfer.

25. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 Two realities of jails Terms are generally too short to allow the prisoner to gain any benefit from the jail’s treatment facilities. Jails are chronically overcrowded, and judges need to clear space for new offenders.

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27. 4 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning Explain how jails are administered.

28. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 4 Jail Administration: The burden of jail management – Sheriff’s may view the jail as a lower priority than crime prevention and control The challenge of overcrowding – Living conditions – Supply and demand

29. © 2011 Cengage Learning CAREERPREP Deputy Sheriff/Jail Division Job Description: Responsible for supervising jail inmates by ensuring that order, discipline, safety, and security are maintained. Transport or escort inmates and defendants from jail to courtrooms, attorneys’ offices, or medical facilities. What Kind of Training Is Required? Depending on the jurisdiction, possession of a high school diploma or bachelor’s degree, as well as successful completion of written and physical examinations, training, and a probationary period. Some states require completion of a “jail academy” training course of up to sixteen weeks including field training. Annual Salary Range? $44,000–$55,000 For additional information, visit: www.usdsa.org.

30. 5 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration.

31. © 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 5 Positive consequences include a correlation with a drop in the crime rate. Negative consequences include social consequences for families and communities, and disenfranchisement of inmates who lose their right to vote.