1. CE 3231 - Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science Readings for This Class: Pgs. 67-70 & 303-309 O hio N orthern U niversity Introduction Chemistry, Microbiology & Material Balance Water & Air Pollution Env Risk Management Bicarbonate Cycle Without bicarbonate, life as you know it on earth would not exist. Bicarbonate ranks in importance to life on the same level as organic carbon, oxygen, and water. This lecture goes over what you need to know about bicarbonate as potential environmental engineers.

2. Lecture 22 The Bicarbonate Cycle (Water Quality II)

3. Natural and Engineered Water Cycles

4. Bicarbonate (HCO 3 - ) Imported from England, baking soda was first used in America during colonial times, but it was not produced in the United States until 1839. In 1846, Austin Church, a Connecticut physician, and John Dwight, a farmer from Massachusetts, established a factory in New York to manufacture baking soda. Dr. Church's son, John, owned a mill called the Vulcan Spice Mills. Vulcan, the Roman god of forge and fire, was represented by an arm and hammer, and the new baking soda company adopted the arm and hammer logo as its own. Today, the Arm & Hammer brand of baking soda is among the most widely recognized brand names. Read more: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Baking- Soda.html#b#ixzz2NVylFkjG http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Baking- Soda.html#b#ixzz2NVylFkjG

5. Open versus Closed Systems

6. Bicarbonate System of Equations

7. Bicarbonate in Closed Systems

8. Bicarbonate in Open Systems

9. (Bi)carbonate and pH

10. Bicarbonate as Buffer

11. Examples of Bicarbonate Buffered Systems Your blood The ocean Carlsbad caverns Karst groundwater Most rivers, streams, and lakes

12. Concept of Alkalinity - the quantitative capacity of a water to neutralize the addition of a strong acid