2. Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt

3. T.R. and Word Affairs  Becomes President in 1901 after McKinley assassination  Does not want Europe’s imperial powers controlling the world (Anti-European Imperialism)  Wanted strong U.S. influence in world affairs (Pro-U.S. Imperialism)  1905: Helps negotiate a peace treaty to end a war between Russia and Japan (for which he won Nobel Peace Prize in 1906)

4. Speak Softly, But Carry a Big Stick!

5. Panama: The King’s Crown 1850  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.  1850  Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.  1901  Hay-Paunceforte Treaty.  Philippe Bunau-Varilla, agent provacateur.  Dr. Walter Reed.  Colonel W. Goethals.  1903  Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty.

6. Panama Canal T.R. and Panama Canal T.R. and Panama Canal Panama Canal T.R. and Panama Canal T.R. and Panama Canal TR in Panama (Construction begins in 1904)

7. T.R. and the Panama Canal  P.C.: Cut sailing distance from NYC to SF from 13,000 to 5,200 miles  Decide: Panama (controlled by Columbia) or Nicaragua route?  French company failed to complete canal and sold rights to U.S.  U.S. Columbia negotiations failed  U.S. present when Panamanian rebels declared independence in 1903  U.S. makes a deal with Panama to build and control the canal

8. The Panama Canal Info  Built 1904 – 1914  Challenges: volcanic soil, disease (malaria and yellow fever), dangerous conditions  Over 43, 000 workers employed  5,600 die during construction (accidents + disease)  Cost U.S. about $380 million  U.S. paid Columbia $25 million for lost land  51 mile trip through lock system per ship

9. Constable of the World

10. The American Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899.  Founded in 1899.  Campaigned against the annexation of the Philippines and other acts of imperialism.  Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William James, and William Jennings Bryan among the leaders.