1. Chapter 1 Section 1.3

2. Graphing Communicates scientific data

3. Graphing Line graph- good for showing things that are continually changing Y-axis: dependent variable, must have unit label! (S) (m) Velocity Must have title X-axis: independent variable, must have unit label!

4. Graphing Bar graph- useful to compare data for similar items or events

5. Graphing Pie graphs- great for showing percentages of a whole

6. Scientific Notation Method of expressing a number multiplied by 10 to the appropriate power Examples: 1 X 10 3 = 1,000 1 X 10 2 = 100 1 X 10 1 = 10 1 X 10 0 = 1 1 X 10 -1 = 0.1 1 X 10 -2 = 0.01 1 X 10 -3 = 0.001

7. Scientific Notation Practice: 4.5 X 10 3 = 6,000 = 6.23 X 10 5 = 0.000234= 123456789= 7.54 X 10 -4 =

8. Scientific Notation Practice: 4.5 X 10 3 = 4500 6,000 = 6.0 X 10 3 6.23 X 10 5 = 623000 0.000234= 2.34 X 10 -4 123,456,789= 1.23456789 X 10 8 7.54 X 10 -4 = 0.000754

9. Fun With Scientific Notation $1.00 X 10 9

10. Fun With Scientific Notation 1 X 10 9 seconds is 114 days short of 32 calendar years (≈ 31.7 years). About 10 9 minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing and Christianity was emerging. (10 9 minutes is roughly 1,900 years.) About 10 9 hours ago, modern human beings and their ancestors were living in the Stone Age (more precisely, the Middle Paleolithic). (10 9 hours is roughly 114,000 years.) About 10 9 days ago, Australopithecus, an ape-like creature related to an ancestor of modern humans, roamed the African savannas. (10 9 days is roughly 2.7 million years.) About 10 9 months ago, dinosaurs walked the Earth during the late Cretaceous. (10 9 months is roughly 82 million years.) About 10 9 years ago, the first multicellular eukaryotes appeared on Earth. The universe is currently thought to be about 13.7 × 10 9 years old.

11. Fun With Scientific Notation 10 9 inches is 15,783 miles (25,400 km), more than halfway around the world and sufficient to reach any point on the globe from any other point. 10 9 meters is almost three times the distance from the Earth to the Moon. 10 9 kilometers is over six times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

12. Scientific Notation Practice: Find the area of the rectangle: l= 1.38 X 10 4 m w= 5.36 X 10 3 m A=l x w 7.3968 X 10 7 m 2

13. Significant Figures (sig figs) determines the amount of rounding off to be done based on the precision of the measurement. Precision- the exactness of a measurement Example:Ruler marked every 0.1m or a ruler marked every 0.01m. Accuracy- how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured

14. Significant Figures (sig figs) Rules: the answer can only be as precise as the LEAST precise measurement used in the calculation Ex: 8.871m X 9.14m= 81.08094m 2 9.14m =least precise and has 3 significant figures Correct answer using sig figs= 81.1m 2 Zeros: ALL zeroes between non-zero numbers are ALWAYS significant. Ex: 303 ALL zeroes which are SIMULTANEOUSLY to the right of the decimal point AND at the end of the number are ALWAYS significant. Ex: 8.100 or 10.0 ALL zeroes which are to the left of a non-zero number are NOT significant Ex: 0.0004

15. Significant Figures (sig figs) Rules: All NON-ZERO numbers are ALWAYS significant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Number# Significant Figures 48,9235 3.9674 900.065 0.0004 (= 4 E-4)1 8.10005 501.0406 3,000,000 (= 3 E+6)1 10.0 (= 1.00 E+1)3 You try it!

16. Significant Figures (sig figs) Rules: All NON-ZERO numbers are ALWAYS significant 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Number# Significant Figures 48,9235 3.9674 900.065 0.0004 (= 4 E-4)1 8.10005 501.0406 3,000,000 (= 3 E+6)1 10.0 (= 1.00 E+1)3

17. Conversion Factors Conversion: a change from one measuring or calculating system to another Review: Metric Conversions: KHDBdcm Metric conversions are exact and are not limited by significant figures

18. Conversion Factors English Conversion 1 foot = 12 inches 1 yard = 3 feet 1 mile = 1760 yards 1 acre = 435060 ft 2 1 square mile = 640 acres 1 Tbs = 3 tbs 1 cup = 16 Tablespoons 1 pint = 2 cups 1 quart = 2 pints 1 gallon = 4 quarts 16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound 1 ton = 2000 pounds

19. Conversion Factors English to Metric Conversions: 1 mile = 1.609 km 1 oz = 28.35 g 1 pound = 0.4536 kg 1 fluid ounce = 29.575 mL 1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 foot = 0.3048 meters 1 square mi = 2.59 square km 1 gallon = 3.7854 liters 1 kg = 35.27 ounces 1.06 quarts = 1 L 35 cubic ft = 1 cubic m 1 pound = 4.448 N **These are limited by sig figs

20. Conversion Factors Let’s Practice! 1 hour = ____ seconds 3600 seconds 34 cm = ____ m 0.34 m 64 inches = ____ cm 162.56 cm  160cm 67 m = ____ cm 6700cm 12 cm = ____ inches 4.7244 inches  4.7 in 45 L = ____ gal 11.8877 gal  12 gal

21. Sources http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchi nson/m0030266.html line graph slide 3 http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchi nson/m0030266.html http://www.indiana.edu/~atmat/units/nutrition/nutact2gra ph1.htm bar graph slide 4 http://www.indiana.edu/~atmat/units/nutrition/nutact2gra ph1.htm http://alexandria.nu/ai/blog/entry.asp?E=51 pie graph slide 5 http://alexandria.nu/ai/blog/entry.asp?E=51