1. Life Functions Do Now Brainstorm: What makes a rock nonliving and a horse living?

2. What is Biology? Study of life and living things

3. Living Things? There are essential life processes necessary for every living organism. Living organisms: 1.Made up of cells 2.Grow & development 3.Need materials & energy – Respiration – Nutrition 4.Excrete waste 5.Respond to the environment 6.Reproduce VOCAB: Organisms = Living Things

4. 1. Made up of Cell(s) Cells are the basic unit of life! – You just need 1 All life is made of one or more cells – Unicellular: made of one cell only (amoeba, bacteria) – Multicellular: made of many cells (you!) Most common life forms on Earth are single celled Some cells have specific functions. Put them altogether, they make a multicellular organism – Example: Muscle cells, bone cells, neurons

5. 2. Growth & Development Growth: Increase in size and/or the number of cells of an organism – Every organism has their own pattern of growth Flies – start as eggs, then become maggots (larva) and then become flies. Humans – Develop specialized cells in the womb, are born and then grow bigger (more cells). I’m a baby; I’m just hanging out. Take care of me. I love my Living Environment Class with Mr. Bamberger!

6. Cells We start as one cell, fertilized egg. Every cell in our body comes from that first cell! Cell #1

7. 3. Need materials & energy To carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy Nutrition: Obtaining materials from the environment and using them for energy and growth. Ingestion – taking in of food Digestion – big molecules broken down into small molecules Absorption – broken down nutrients absorbed into cells Excretion – waste removal

8. 3. Need materials & energy To carry on life functions, organisms need a source of energy Respiration: Process by which energy is obtained from the broken down food. It’s then stored in a form that can be used to carry on life processes (ATP) Cellular Respiration Breathing

9. Transport Absorption – end products of digestion and chemical reactions are distributed and taken into cells

10. Body Systems Involved in Material Ingestion and Transport Digestive System, Respiratory system and Circulatory System

11. Hold Up What is the smallest a living organism can be? You think you found a new life form. How can you tell if it is living? So far, what do organisms need to be considered living?

12. DO NOW 1.What is an organism? 2.What is the smallest unit of life that is living? Why? 3.What 2 body systems are involved with material ingestion? 4.What are some substances we excrete?

13. 4. Removal of Wastes Excretion: Removal of wastes from an organism. – Substances include: urine, sweat, CO2, H20 etc… All are produced in the cells as a result of their life processes (metabolism) – Without removal of wastes, they can become toxic

14. Metabolism Metabolism – sum total of all the life functions of an organism, including all the chemical reactions (breaking down or building materials) Breaking down – A bowl of pasta is digested and broken down into simple molecular sugars Synthesis – (Building up / Building) Chemical reaction where large molecules are produced from smaller molecules

15. Body System involved in Excrement Excretory system!

16. 5. Respond to the Environment Organisms react to their surroundings: – Temperature, touch, light, Example: A plant seed can germinate (begin to grow) only when there is sufficient water and the ground is warm enough Example: WE SWEAT! Why?

17. Body system involved in Responding to Environment (part of body Regulation) Nervous system & muscular system

18. Do Now: (7) 1.What is the difference between: – Aerobic – Anaerobic 2.What is metabolism?

19. 6. Reproduction Production of new individuals – Genetic information (DNA)passed to offspring *Not necessary for the life of a single organism *Is necessary for the continued existence of a particular kind of organism (species) Species – Organisms that can reproduce by interbreeding among themselves

20. Body system involved in Reproduction Reproductive system

21. Reproduction Asexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from one parent (mitosis) Sexual Reproduction – creating new individuals from two parents Asexual Reproduction: One Parent Sexual Reproduction: Two Parents Lame You complete me

22. Do Now: (4,6) 1.Do all organisms need oxygen to live? 2.What is the difference between: – Aerobic – Anaerobic 3.What is the difference between – Asexual – Sexual

23. Homeostasis Homeostasis : maintaining an internal stable environment – The life functions we mentioned work towards maintaining homeostasis. It’s 98 degrees F outside. You start to sweat… why? You haven’t eaten for 2 days, your stomach grumbles… why? You eat bad Chinese food, and you get sick…why?

24. Maintaining Homeostasis Negative feedback: – A change in a system causes a response that tends to return that system to its original state Example: – Temperature drops, your body gets colder than it should be… You begin to SHIVER Body temperature rises as a result! – Body has certain blood sugar level; Too much sugar = body releases insulin to break down the sugar and keep your body’s blood-sugar level constant

25. To recap, There are 8 life functions you must remember: (How could we describe using what we know?) Growth Respiration Regulation Reproduction Nutrition Excretion Transport Synthesis GRRRNETS Regulation – the control and coordination of the activities of an organism