1. DNA transfection

2. Specific methods used For Transfection 1. Electroporation a brief change of electric pulse discharges across the electrode, transiently open holes in cells 2. Liposomediated gene transfer liposome fuse directly with cell membrane and delivers DNA into cells

5. DNA transfection by lipofectamine Procedure: 1.Trypsinize a confluent cells as previously described. 2.Plate cell approximately 10 5 cells/ 24well dish with 3. Incubate cells till 50-70% of confluency( 18-24hrs before transfection) 4. Wash cells with PBS for 3 times( 1ml each), and add 0.4 ml of serum free- medium to the cells 5.In an eppendorf tube, pipette 1ug of DNA, 1ul of lipofectamine 2000 and 100 ul of serum free medium 6. Incubate at room temperature for 15 min to allow the DNA lipofetamine complex to form

6. 7. Add DNA- lipofectamine complex to the cells drop wise while swirling the dish. 8. Incubate cells in an CO 2 incubator for at least 3hrs 9. Remove transfection medium and replace with 1 ml of culture medium 10.Analyze cell 24-48hrs for ß-galactosidase activity

8. Experimental Pocedure For DNATransfection Plate cells 1 day before transfection cells wash with PBS 3x(1ml/time) before transfection Dilute (reagent lipofectamin) 2ul with serum free mediun100ul Dilute DNA1ul (1ug)into serum free medium 100ul Mix DNA with lipofetamine Incubate room temp. 15 min Add complex to cells 37 O C,4 hrs Replace with fresh culture medium/FBS/PS( 3ml) Add 1ml serum free medium to washed cells

9. X-Gal stainning 1.remove culture medium 2.cells wash with PBS 3x(1ml/time) 3.fix with 0.5% glutaldehyde/PBS 4.incubate 37 o C, 5 min 5.Rinse with PBS 3x(1ml/time) 6.Add 0.5 ml x-Gal stock buffer 7.Stain 37 o C, 4 hrs 8.Rinse with PBS 2x(1ml/time) 9.Count blue cell under inverted microscope and calculate the efficiency of transfection

10. X-gal ( 5-bromo-4chloro-3-indolyl-ß-D galactoside)stock buffer 3 mM KeFe( CN) 6 3 mM K4 Fe( CN) 6 1mM Mg Cl 2 10 mM KCl 0.1% Triton X-100 Dilute x-gal 1:100 in X-gal stock buffer

11. Electroporation 1.Plate cell in 10 mm dish( 5x10 6 cells) 2.cell harvest, 置於 15 ml 離心管 3.1200rpm 離心三分鐘 4. 倒去上清液 5. 將細胞回溶於 0.5 ml SF( serum free) medium 6. 將細胞放入電擊管 7. 細胞通電 8. 將細胞取出, 放入有蓋玻片, 3ml 培養基之 6mm 培養皿

12. 9. 37 o C, 24 hrs 10. 取出細胞 ( 到 931 lab) 11. 以 PBS 清洗 2 次 ( 1ml each) 12. 加入 4 % paraformaldehyde/PBS, 靜置室溫三十分鐘 12. 加入 DAPI 溶液, 靜置室溫五分鐘並避光 13. 移除 DAPI 溶液 14. 以 PBS 清洗 3 次 ( 1ml each) 15. 滴一滴 PBS 於載玻片 16. 取出蓋玻片, 倒蓋於在載玻片上 17. 封片 18. 以螢光顯微鏡觀察