1. Chemistry – Matter and Change
Chapter TWO

2. Objectives for Unit 2
SPI – Interpret the periodic table to describe an element’s atomic makeup.
SPI – Distinguish among elements and compounds.
SPI – Classify as physical or chemical change.
SPI – Compare and contrast heat/temperature changes in chemical/physical processes.
SPI – Investigate solids, liquids, and gasses in terms of energy and particle spacing.

3. More Objectives for Unit 2
You will also be able to…
- Define and describe “Chemistry”
- List the different types of Chemistry
- Describe how to separate a mixture
- Describe the periodic table and how it is arranged

4. *Matter: composed of mass and takes up space.
Chemistry: the study of composition, structure, and properties of matter* and the changes it undergoes.
*Matter: composed of mass and takes up space.

5. Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry – carbon-containing compounds.
Inorganic Chemistry – no carbon
Physical Chemistry – properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy.
Analytical Chemistry – identification of components and composition of materials.
Biochemistry – substances and processes occurring in living things.
Theoretical Chemistry – use of math and computers to understand chemical behavior and to design/predict the properties of NEW compounds.

6. Elements and Compounds
All matter is composed of atoms.
Copper pipe is made of copper atoms.
Oxygen gas is made of oxygen atoms.
Atoms of two or more elements bond together to make compounds.
CO2 (___ carbon atom and ___ oxygen atoms)
H2O2 (___ hydrogen atoms & ___ oxygen atoms)
An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
Carbon is an element made of only carbon atoms.

7. SOLID - LIQUID - GAS - PLASMA
Physical Properties
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
Examples: boiling and freezing points
Physical Change: does not involve a change in identity of the substance…cutting, melting, boiling, freezing, tearing.
Change of State: physical change from one state to another.
Solid  Liquid (Melting) Liquid  Solid (Freezing)
Solid  Gas (Subliming) Gas  Solid (Deposition)
Liquid  Gas (Evap./Boil) Gas  Liquid (Condensing)
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA

8. STATES OF MATTER SOLID: Examples Definite Shape Definite Volume
Particles move slowly and are close together
Video: Potassium
Examples
Sodium metal (Na)
Ice (H2O)
Gold at room temp. (Au)

9. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID: Video: Mercury Examples No Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Particles move a little faster than solids and more freely.
Video: Mercury
Examples
Mercury (Hg)
Bromine (Br2)
Water (H2O)
Gold at high temp. (Au)

10. STATES OF MATTER GAS: Video: Chlorine Examples No Definite Shape
No Definite Volume
Particles move very quickly and are far apart.
Video: Chlorine
Examples
Neon (Ne)
Steam (H2O)
Chlorine gas (Cl2)

11. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA: Video: What is Plasma? Examples
High Temperature
Atoms lose electrons easily
Video: What is Plasma?
Examples
Sun
Fluorescent Bulbs

12. STATES OF MATTER
LIQUID
SOLID
GAS

13. Chemical Properties… …relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant  product
carbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide
C O2  CO2
Alkali Metals in Water

14. Chemical Properties… …relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant  product
sodium + water  sodium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Na H2O  NaOH + H2

15. Chemical Properties… …relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant  product
Potassium + water  potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
K H2O  KOH + H2

16. Chemical Properties… …relate how chemicals undergo change.
Chemical Change (reaction): when substances are converted into NEW substances.
Reactants REACT. Products are PRODUCED.
reactant + reactant  product
Rubidium + water  rubidium hydroxide + hydrogen gas
Rb H2O  RbOH + H2

17. Classification of Matter Mixtures Compounds Elements Homogeneous
Pure Substances
Homogeneous
(air, sugar in water)
Heterogeneous
(wood, blood)
Compounds
(water, salt, sugar)
Elements
(gold, oxygen)
“Solutions”

18. Mixtures vs. Pure Substances
Blend of two or more types of matter (each retains its own identities and properties.)
Salt-Water…is both salt and water. Tastes like salt and tastes like water.
Mixture of metals: alloy
-24 k. gold = only gold
-18 k. gold = gold, silver, copper
PURE SUBSTANCES
Every sample has exactly the same properties.
Every sample has exactly the same composition.
Pure water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen.

19. Classification of Matter Mixtures Compounds Elements Homogeneous
Pure Substances
Homogeneous
(air, sugar in water)
Heterogeneous
(wood, blood)
Compounds
(water, salt, sugar)
Elements
(gold, oxygen)
“Solutions”

20. Separation of Mixtures
DISTILLATION
Boil mixture.
Liquid boils off, leaving solid minerals behind.
Collect the boiled vapor in a condenser.
Collected liquid is pure(er).
Ex: Seawater or Moonshine
FILTRATION
Pour mixture onto a mesh, like filter paper.
Liquid passes through paper.
Solid is left on the paper.
Ex: Charcoal water filters

21. INTRO to the Periodic Table

22. GROUPS (or families) are VERTICLE

23. PERIODS are HORIZONTAL.

24. Metals are Left. Nonmetals are Right
METALLOIDS are on Zig-Zag Line.

25. Groups you should know…
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals
Transition Metals
Rare Earth Metals
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Inert “Nobel” Gases

26. Vocabulary Review Chemistry Solid Atom Liquid Compound Gas Element
Change of State
Physical Change
Mass, Matter
Chemical Change
Chemical Reaction
Mixture
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Reactant
Product
Pure Substance
Group (Family) & Period
Metal
Nonmetal
Metalloid

27. Important Information
Test on ___________!
- Chapter 2
- Scientific Method Review
- Lab Safety & Equipment
- Graphing Review
Bring:
Pencil & Calculator
Book (for after test)

28. Next Unit… Chapter 5
Measurements &
Calculations