1. Chapter 1: Chemistry Chapter 2: MATTER, CHANGE, & ENERGY

2. PURE vs. APPLIED Chemistry
What is Chemistry?
Chemistry: the study of the composition of substances & the changes they undergo.
PURE vs. APPLIED Chemistry
Pure Chemistry: knowledge is accumulated for its own sake. Water boils
Applied Chemistry: knowledge is used in ways that either benefit or harm people or environment.Boiling water can be used to sterilize

3. PURE CHEMISTRY LEADS TO APPLIED CHEMISTRY   5 TRADITIONAL AREAS OF STUDY in Chemistry: 1. Organic-study of substances that contain carbon  2. Inorganic-study of substances without carbon  3. Analytical-study of the composition of substances  4. Physical-study of theories & experiments that describe the behaviors of chemicals  5. Biochemistry-study of the chemistry of living organisms

4. What is the Scientific Method?
The Scientific Method is an approach to the solution of scientific problems.
The number of steps involved varies from
reference to reference but in general there are 5 basic steps:
Observations
Hypothesis
Experiments
Theory
Scientific Law

5. BREAKDOWN OF THE 5 STEPS: Observation: Why does something happen
BREAKDOWN OF THE 5 STEPS: Observation: Why does something happen? Hypothesis: A proposed reason for what is observed Experiment: To prove or disprove the hypothesis Theory: Thoroughly tested explanation of why experiments give certain results 1. Time Tested Concept 2. Useful & dependable predictions about the natural world 3. Can never be proved; new experiments can disprove it 4. Can be wrong & changed EX: Big Bang Theory  Scientific Law: Summarizing statement of observed experimental facts 1.  Accepted as TRUE 2.  Can be proven and proven and proven 3.  Often expressed by simple mathematical relationships EX: Sir Isaac Newton’s Law of Motion

6. What are the states of matter?
Solid: matter that has definite shape & volume packed closely together
o can’t be compressed
Liquid: matter that has no definite shape but definite volume (flows)
o takes the shape of the container
Gas: matter that has no definite shape or volume
o expands without limits-free to move
Vapor—the gaseous state of a substance that is usually a liquid or solid at room temperature.
Plasma---4th state that exists at very high temperatures.

7. Physical & Chemical Properties Physical Property: Can be observed or measured w/o alternating the identity of the material EX: color, solubility, hardness, density, b.p. & m.p. Physical Change: Alters a substance w/o changing its composition EX: cutting, freezing, melting, dissolving, & boiling USUALLY REVERSIBLE Chemical Property: The ability of a substance to undergo a change that alters its identity EX: rot, rust decompose, ferment, corrode, & decay Chemical Change or Reaction: Any change when one or more substances are converted into NEW substances NOT EASILY REVERSIBLE Reactants: Starting substances that undergo change Products: New substances that are produced

8. Indications of Chemical Reactions: 1. Evolution of heat and light 2
Indications of Chemical Reactions: 1.  Evolution of heat and light 2.  Production of a gas 3.  Formation of a precipitate Law of Conservation of Mass Mass in neither created nor destroyed Mass of Products = Mass of Reactants