Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Vocabulary Idioms & Phrases Reading~ Paragraphs 5-9 Post-reading.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Vocabulary Idioms & Phrases Reading~ Paragraphs 5-9 Post-reading."— Presentation transcript:

1

2 Vocabulary Idioms & Phrases Reading~ Paragraphs 5-9 Post-reading

3 Listen to paragraphs 5-9. Skip

4 Now, answer the following questions.

5 ( ) Which one may NOT be the cause of water shortage? (A) Climate change. (B) Water pollution. (C) Global warming. (D) Drinking and washing. D

6 ( ) ______ is mentioned in the reading as one way to encourage water conservation. (A) Increasing water prices (B) Dredging reservoirs (C) Limiting car washing (D) Controlling population growth A

7 ( ) Desalination of ocean water is not worthwhile in most areas because ______. (A) it takes too much time (B) it is too expensive (C) equipment is not yet available (D) it doesn’t help much B

8 Reading

9 Climate change can be another cause of water scarcity. While it is hard to prove that global warming has caused specific climate changes, it is certainly one possible factor. The present thought on global warming considers the excessive use of fossil fuel as the principal cause of global warming. Next

10 Climate change can be another cause of water scarcity. While it is hard to prove that global warming has caused specific climate changes, it is certainly one possible factor. While it is hard to prove that global warming has caused specific climate changes, it is certainly one possible factor. → Though it is difficult to prove that global warming has led to specific climate changes, it is indeed one possible cause.

11 Rainfall in Taiwan from January to April in 2002 was only 30 percent of normal, and global warming may be a contributing factor. a contributing factor = a factor which contributes/leads to... Greed is a major contributing factor to many crimes. Next

12 Rainfall in Taiwan from January to April in 2002 was only 30 percent of normal, and global warming may be a contributing factor. 原句= → From January to April in 2002, the rainfall that Taiwan had received was only about 30 percent of the average over the past years. → Rainfall in Taiwan from January to April in 2002 was just about one-third of that in the same period in previous years.

13 Pollution is also a problem. When water becomes too polluted to be used safely, there’s less water available. When water becomes too polluted to be used safely, there’s less water available. → When water becomes so polluted that it can’t be used safely, less water can be used.

14 The water situation worldwide is quickly becoming critical. Urgent measures are needed to avoid a crisis. The water situation worldwide is quickly becoming critical. → Global water scarcity is rapidly getting severe. Urgent measures are needed to avoid a crisis. → To prevent a crisis from happening, we must take immediate action.

15 There are three basic solutions: control population growth, so that the demand for water does not continually increase; conserve water, so that more can be done with existing resources; and develop new water resources.

16 Conservation can work on a variety of levels. One way to encourage conservation is to increase water prices, which are typically subsidized. Conservation can work on a variety of levels. → We can conserve water in many different ways.

17 Low-flow toilets can reduce water use in the home. Technology can also make irrigation more efficient, requiring less water for the same yield. 形容詞加連字號再加名詞,可形成複合形容詞 low-flow low-cost high-quality high-tech real-life

18 Industry can also conserve water by using better plumbing and reusing treated wastewater instead of fresh water. fresh water = water that is not salty, such as the water from rivers Industry can also conserve water by using better plumbing and reusing treated wastewater instead of fresh water. → By using better plumbing and reusing treated wastewater, not fresh water, industrial water usage can be reduced as well.

19 Developing new water sources is difficult because many countries are already using everything available. However, current sources can be made more efficient. However, current sources can be made more efficient. → Nevertheless, we can make better use of the present water sources.

20 For example, silting of reservoirs is a serious problem in Taiwan. For example, silting of reservoirs is a serious problem in Taiwan. → For instance, in Taiwan, it is a serious problem that the reservoirs have accumulated too much silt (and are losing their capacity to hold water).

21 Dredging reservoirs can increase their capacity. Dredging reservoirs can increase their capacity. → Reservoirs can hold more water after being dredged. → Removing the silt from reservoirs can increase their water storage capacity.

22 Desalination of ocean water is another option, though in most areas it is too expensive to be worthwhile. Desalination of ocean water is another option, though in most areas it is too expensive to be worthwhile. → Another way to develop new water resources is desalination, but in most areas it costs so much that it is not worth doing. Cleaning up polluted rivers and lakes can also provide more usable water.

23 Managing water resources will be one of the big environmental issues of the 21 st century. Managing water resources will be one of the big environmental issues of the 21st century. → In the 21st century, how to manage water will become one of the most critical natural resource issues facing most parts of the world.

24 There’s only a limited amount, and water is something everyone needs. There’s only a limited amount, and water is something everyone needs. → The amount of water on the Earth is finite, and water is a necessity of life to people.

25 Taiwan’s water shortage in 2002 has taught us that we cannot take water for granted any more. Taiwan’s water shortage in 2002 has taught us that we cannot take water for granted any more. → The water shortage in Taiwan, in 2002, has given us a lesson. That is, we cannot think that water is something we are sure to have any more. If we want water in the future, we have to start thinking about how to conserve it now. Back

26 Post -reading

27 Reading for Main Ideas Exercise A: □ 1. Water shortage rarely occurs, so we don’t have to pay attention to it. □ 2. There are three basic solutions to the problem of water shortage. □ 3. Managing water resources will be one of the most important issues of the 21 st century. □ 4. Water shortage has been a serious problem, and so will it be in the future. □ 5. Water shortage is a worldwide problem, and it is worth paying attention to.

28 Reading for Main Ideas Exercise B: Complete the following sentences. 1.________________ and ______________ are the two main reasons for the increased demand for water resources. 2. ___________________________, _______________ and ____________________________ are the three basic solutions to water problem. Population growth industrialization Controlling population growth conserving water developing new water resources

29 Topics for Discussion

30 Discussion 1: Discuss the impact that water shortages may have on our country.

31 Reference answer : Generally speaking, the impact of drought on our country can be categorized as economic, environmental, and social.

32 Reference answer : (1) Economic impact includes: costs and losses to agricultural producers, annual and perennial crop losses, damage to crop quality, income loss for farmers due to reduced crop yields, reduced productivity of cropland, increased irrigation costs, cost of new or supplemental water resource development, costs and losses to livestock producers, reduced productivity of rangeland, high livestock mortality rates,

33 Reference answer : loss from fishery production, damage to fish habitat, loss to industries directly dependent on agricultural production, reduction of economic development, rural population loss, loss to recreation and tourism industry, cost of water transport or transfer, cost of new or supplemental water resource development, etc.

34 Reference answer : (2)Environmental impact includes: damage to animal species, reduction and degradation of fish and wildlife habitat, migration and concentration (loss of wildlife in some areas and too much wildlife in other areas), increased stress on endangered species, loss of biodiversity, lower water levels in lakes and ponds, loss of wetlands, damage to plant communities, loss of trees from urban landscapes or wooded conservation areas, wildland fires, etc.

35 Reference answer : (3) Social impact includes: mental and physical stress (such as anxiety or loss of security),health-related problems (such as cross-connection contamination or increased pollutant concentrations), water user conflicts, political conflicts, reduced quality of life, changes in lifestyle, increased poverty in general, public dissatisfaction with government’s drought response, etc.

36 Discussion 2: What does your family do to help conserve water?

37 Reference answer : There are some things that we have done to help conserve water. First, we replaced our old 5 gallon per flush toilet with a new 1.5 gallon per flush toilet. Next, we always take short showers instead of baths. Now, we also use low-flow showerheads which reduce the amount of water flowing through our showers by up to 50 percent, but increase the velocity. So, the showers feel the same as usual. We repaired leaks in our faucets and toilets.

38 Reference answer : We use laundry water to scrub the floor. We water our plants with the water used to wash rice and vegetables. In the past, we used to leave the water running when washing dishes, but now we first collect water in a basin and then use it to wash our dishes. Back


Download ppt "Vocabulary Idioms & Phrases Reading~ Paragraphs 5-9 Post-reading."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google