1. S PORTS S ITES FOR CHILDREN Aslin Harminah Binte Anuar So Jami Florence Tey Hwee Chen

2. I NTRODUCTION Introduction Theories on Child Development Children Behaviour In Relation to Computers Sports Websites for Children Designing Children’s Interfaces Usability Issues in Designing Children’s Webites Recommendations Conclusion

3. D ESIGNING CHILDREN ’ S INTERFACES Take into user’s perspectives Builds upon principles of good web design Cannot be based on a single theory – children are not a homogenous group Skills and preferences must be considered in relation to technology

4. H EATHER N AM (2010) – DESIGNING USER EXPERIENCES FOR CHILDREN Ages 3 – 5 years oldAges 5 – 7 years old Ages 7+ Non-readers and emerging readers; emerging mouse control and dexterity. Early ReadersAlready know standard mouse interactions Avoid using pop-up windows. Easier for small children to click a back button Create user interfaces comprising multiple windows, if necessary. Older children can more easily switch back and forth between windows. Reduce /eliminate text, replacing it with simple, concise voice-overs. Repetitive instructions that explain how to manipulate a web site’s controls and the goals of a game are always helpful. Give users the ability to skip voice-overs and instructions. Reduce number of buttons, controls and other clickable elements and increase their size to ensure young mousers can easily hit their intended targets. - Avoid the need to move objects across the screen.Use standard drag and drop interactions.

5. H EATHER N AM (2010) – DESIGNING USER EXPERIENCES FOR CHILDREN Children age 3 and older: Always place navigational controls above the fold. Use a red X button to close a window. Even kids understand this convention. Do not design navigation that requires children to use the arrow keys on the keyboard. Consider including a brief tutorial on how player control works – play/pause, rewind, and fast forward buttons.

6. A BASEBALL WEBSITE http://www.exploratorium.edu/baseball / Suitable for 10 to 12 years old Simple yet attractive Comic-style graphics Easy navigation

7. D ESIGNING MULTI - MEDIA ENVIRONMENTS FOR CHILDREN Activity design Design activities to be interesting and challenging so children will want to do them Design activities to allow for expanding complexity and support children as they move from one level to the next Design reward structures that take children's developmental level and context of use into account. Instruction design Present instructions in an age-appropriate format Design instructions to be easy to comprehend and remember On-screen character interventions should be supportive rather than distracting Allow children to have control access to instructional information Screen layout Design icons to be visually meaningful to children Use cursor design to help communicate functionality Use rollover audio, animation and highlighting to indicate where to find functionality. Hanna, Czerwinski and Alexander (1999)

8. B ASEBALL WEBSITE

9. http://funschool.kaboose.com/fun-blaster/baseball/index.html

10. A N EVALUATION - TRADEOFF Abundant use of images and games – slows the system Children can be impatient Tradeoff must be considered Provide a status bar showing progress of loading

11. U SABILITY ISSUES IN DESIGNING CHILDREN ’ S WEBSITE Age Appropriate Format and Design  Can be difficult  Need to target a narrow age group  Cost Different Skill Levels with Same Age- Group  Difficult to differentiate  Difference in skill levels even within each age group

12. U SABILITY ISSUES IN DESIGNING CHILDREN ’ S WEBSITE Design Issues  Cramped  Poor Utilisation of Space Learned Path Bias  Children tend to use ways  Familiarity transferred from one website to another – sets some expection!