1. WASTE WATER TREATMENT FOR TROPICAL ZONE
WASTE WATER GARDEN®
WASTE WATER TREATMENT FOR TROPICAL ZONE

2. Definition of Waste water Garden
An ecological low-cost beautiful solution for effective sewage and wastewater treatment.
Principally, this method combined the conventional waste water treatment with the function of plants in the garden as bacterial absorber and water purifier. This method also transform the appearance of waste water treatment plant to become a natural garden or park.

3. History of Waste Water Garden
Wastewater Gardens were developed over a decade ago (in year 1991) of research by Planetary Coral Reef Foundation (PCRF-US) led by DR. Mark Nelson in order to:
Treat and recycle the water inside Biosphere 2; the world’s largest sealed series of ecosystems second to the earth; and
b) For application in the world’s environment to protect freshwater and the ocean from sewage pollution.

4. History of Waste Water Garden
One of the most striking accomplishments for Biosphere 2 is its massive recycling systems. Since the year 1991, crew members (Biospherians) who had to stay around two years inside the Biosphere, have used the same water and recycled all waste products inside.
The successful implementation of Wastewater Garden method in Biosphere 2 lead to the use of this system in more common condition, in the real life. Until today Wastewater Garden already installed in more than 150 homes, hotels, businesses, and communities through the world. Currently exist in Australia, Indonesia (Bali, Sulawesi), Bahamas, Mexico, Poland, Belize, Philippines, France, and United States (New Mexico).

5. Application of WWG in Indonesia

6. Application of WWG in Indonesia
Several places in Indonesia that have waste water treatment using this method are :
BAPEDALDA Headquarters, Sanur, Bali
Bruce Residence, Jimbaran, Bali
Catherine Wheeler Residence, Ubud, Bali
Coconuts Beach Resort, Lembongan Island
Froggies Divers, Manado - Bunaken, Sulawesi
Hugo Residence, Bali
Jill Posner residence, Ubud, Bali
Legian Community Clinic, Bali
Lembeh Resort, Bitung, North Sulawesi

7. Application of WWG in Indonesia
Lumba-Lumba Diving, Manado, Sulawesi
MAP Tiwoho Community Center - Bunaken, Sulawesi
Muir/ Kusnanto Residence, Petitenget, Bali
Murex Dive Resort, Sulawesi
Padi Padi Hotel, Bali
Rama Sitha Resort, Bali
Sacred Mountain Sanctuary Resort, Sideman, Bali
Salman/Frost Residence, Bali
Sunrise School, Legian, Bali
Tirtagangga Water Palace, Karangasem, Bali
Vajra Villas, Ubud, Bali
Villa Tamu, Bali

8. Technology / WWG Process
The system works by a gravity flow of wastewater from toilets, showers, and kitchens into a properly designed and sealed septic tanks and then into the specially engineered subsurface flow wetland cell which keeps the wastewater below the surface of the gravel, preventing odor and eliminating the risk of human contact with the sewage.

9. Technology / WWG Process
The system normally consists of three wastewater treatment phases :
First stage is taking place in septic tank equipped with special filter, where anaerobic bacteria commence a biological breakdown of the waste, and solids settle out to the bottom of the tank.

10. Technology / WWG Process
The second stage of the treatment of Wastewater Garden is the water-tight (lined with concrete, impermeable clay or geomembrane to hold wastewater in) comprising just one compartment (cell) in small systems and more compartments in larger applications.

11. Technology / WWG Process
The gravel allows for adequate residence time for the wastewater and provides an enormous surface area where a wide variety of chemical, biological and physical mechanisms cleanse the wastewater by removing organic compounds, suspended solids and excess nutrients.
The plants are the aerators of the system, which helps maintain a population of air-breathing microbes (aerobic bacteria) which are part of the treatment process.

12. Technology / WWG Process
The presence of aerobic and anaerobic zones supports a wide variety of helpful organisms: bacteria, protozoa, algae and fungi ( billion per 1 g of soil).
These organisms uptake the nutrients from the wastewater and use them for their own life processes.
There are also other mechanism for example: adsorption, decomposition, sedimentation.

13. Technology / WWG Process
The third treatment stage is discharge of the treated wastewater to a final leach field, where fruit trees or other landscape plants can utilize remaining nutrients and water, or water pond provides

14. WWG Construction Process
Tank Preparation
Control box configuration

15. WWG Construction Process
Finished tank with sand and gravel
Plantation planting

16. Advantages of WWG
Fecal coliform bacteria are reduced more than 99% in the wetlands, without the use of expensive, environmentally harmful chemicals like chlorine.
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reduced 85-90% from influent levels, and removal of nitrogen and phosphorus is substantial.
The wetlands are low-cost, low-tech and long-lived. Maintenance requirements are simple.
There is no malodor as the sewage is kept from contact with the air.

17. Advantages of WWG
There are no mosquito-breeding or other nuisances associated with open wastewater (e.g. sewage lagoons or surface-flow wetlands).
The possibility of accidental public contact with the sewage reduced to someone deliberately digging into the wetland gravel.
Subsurface flow wetland systems are capable of extremely high rates of wastewater cleaning.
Where higher treatment than normal municipal standards is required for special purposes, an increase in wetland area provides the equivalent of advanced water treatment.

18. Advantages of WWG
Significantly less wastewater (35-70% depending on design) is discharged from these special wetlands, because the plants use large quantities of water in their transpiration.
Subsurface wetlands can be exactly sized from small units for a single residence to larger areas for small city/town systems and so no surplus capacity need be paid for than is needed. On the other hand, new demands can easily be met by simple unit expansion
The sub-surface wetland systems add considerably to the landscape beauty in communities where they are used, and can also include plants to be harvested for useful or saleable products.

19. Disadvantages of WWG
The effectiveness of this system are less in sub-tropical zones than in tropical zones, due to the varieties of plant which could be planted and the changing seasons.
The gravel have to be renew for every ten year since the compacting process of gravel by time cause the shrinkage in gravel porosity.

20. Thank You …!

21. Data
Detailed research was conducted on the Wastewater Gardens systems constructed along the coast of the Yucatan, in southeastern Mexico, and the results critically checked by University of Florida scientists.
These Wastewater Gardens systems prevented pollution damage to off-shore coral reefs, using 3-4 square meters of wetland per full-time resident. Similar treatment was also achieved in pilot program Wastewater Gardens systems in the Kimberley region of West Australia.

22. Data
B.O.D. Graph
Data shows the excellent reduction of about 85% in the demonstration Wastewater Gardens in Mexico in the amount of organic material in the wastewater, to levels better than standard amounts.

23. Data Bio Diversity Graph
Data shows the high bio-diversity which can be achieved in Wastewater Gardens. In the early years it was three times that of mangrove wetland and almost equal to an adjoining tropical forest area.

24. Data
Phosphorus Graph
Data shows the effectiveness of Wastewater Gardens in putting phosphorus to effective use by plants and natural bacteria and preventing contamination of groundwater and the environment.

25. Data

26. Sacred Mountain Sanctuary Resort Sideman, Bali, Indonesia

27. Sacred Mountain Sanctuary Resort Sideman, Bali, Indonesia

28. Padi-Padi Resort Villas, Ubud, Bali, Indonesia

29. Posner Residence, Tjampuhan Ubud, Bali, Indonesia

30. Starr Residence, Sideman, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia

31. Vajras Villa, Ubud - Bali

32. Vajras Villa, Ubud - Bali