2. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescopes for High Energy Astrophysics

3. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescopes for High Energy Astrophysics  A bit of history  Playing billiards with photons  An example: Swift gamma ray burst mission  A new, more efficient technique  The J-PEX mission

4. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Rocket Payload (1962) Rocket Payload (1962) Geiger Counters

5. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Gas Counters on Satellites  Ariel 1 – 1962 –Solar and ionospheric satellite observatory  Late 1960s – birth of X-ray Astronomy  Ariel 5 – 1975, first UK X-ray satellite

6. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Grazing X-ray telescopes Grazing X-ray telescopes Wolter mirror

7. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 6 Techniques  Two candidates –Replicated shells… used for XMM –Square pore optics manufactured from glass or Si

8. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009

9. Si Technology (ESTEC)

10. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Coded Aperture Imaging  Source casts gamma-ray shadow on detector  Location of shadow yields location of source  Coded aperture mask pattern  5mm square Pb tiles

11. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Swift Mission Concept  Gammay ray burst studies  Wide field gamma- ray imager  Sensitive narrow field X-ray and UV- Optical instruments to follow the afterglow BAT XRT Spacecraft UVOT BAT UVOT XRT

12. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) BAT Characteristics BAT Detector Array Coded Aperture Mask

13. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 BAT XRT UVOT SWIFT Optical Bench

14. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 BAT Burst Image T~10 sec Observing Scenario BAT Error Circle XRT Image T~100 secT~300 sec UVOT Image

15. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 X-Ray Telescope

16. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 XRT Data Cas A: (13 ks)

17. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 The J-PEX Spectrometer Ion etched, blazed grating. MoSi multilayers for high reflection Spherical figure, 2.2m focal length

18. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescope aperture

19. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Rocket Operations

20. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 White Sands Missile Range T-minus 2 weeks

21. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Carlton TV ©

22. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Carlton TV ©

23. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009

24. Cut Down!  The payload functioned well  We did not get any data  We recovered the telescope intact  Chance to fly again

25. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 NASA/WSMR

26. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Black Brant burnout Despin Payload Separation Payload door open Payload switch on Go to Sirius Detector door open Go to Capella Blind offset > G191-B2B Telescope on Telescope/payload off Black Brant impact Parachute deployment Payload impact T + 50 T + 60 T + 70 T + 80 T + 90 T + 100 T + 110 T + 120 T + 130 T + 140 T + 150 T + 160 T + 170 T + 180 T + 190 T + 200 T + 250 T + 300 T + 350 T + 400 T + 450 T + 520 T + 610 T + 860

27. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Carlton TV ©

28. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009

29. Nitrogen IV Oxygen IV Helium II

30. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Conclusion  We have obtained the best X-ray spectrum ever!  This shows that there is helium present in interstellar space and possibly in the star  Third J-PEX flight October 2008  Hopefully a satellite mission

31. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Flight 3 – October 21 st 2008

32. ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 APEX/SAGE

33. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY ©M.A.Barstow – 2009 Telescopes for High Energy Astrophysics