1. Effect of human gaze on behavior of Magpies Pica pica Gun-ho Joo Hyeon-jeong Lee Ji-won Kim

2. Introduction Question : Does the magpies recognize human gaze? Assumption : They might care about human gaze and we can see more sensitive reaction when passerby pass them staring at them Experiments : 2groups; gaze vs. non-gaze

3. About Magpie Scientific name : Pica pica sericea They live in a small groups around their nests Reproduce in spring. They lay 5~6 eggs. They eat insects, small animals (Like Rat), fruits and grains etc.

4. Procedure Location Condition establishment Measurement

5. Location  In the SNU campus only.  We did not walk into the grass (we walk only on the pavement).  Where magpies appear abundant.  Exclude some places with too much passerby.  As many places as possible. (To try on many individuals)  We choose,,,,.

7. Condition establishment  Find a magpie foraging alone on the grass, at a distance of 1~2 meters from the pavement.  When the magpie is facing us, start walking towards the magpie. (Two people walking, one person watching)  Mark the Recognition point and the Second reaction point.  Pm 3:00 ~ pm 7:00 about 15 days.  At each experimental site, experimental sequence (gaze and non-gaze) was randomized.

8. Measurement

9.  Recognition point : The point where the magpie first recognize the passerby (glancing or stopping foraging)  Second reaction point : The point where the magpie start to show some specific reaction like flying away, hopping, walking away, or hiding.  Recognition distance (RD)  Second reaction distance (SRD)  Time interval between two points.

10. Result Reaction typeGazeNon-gaze Fly away105 Hop31 Walk14 Disregard04 Total14

12. Result Reaction Pattern  Gaze : 70% Fly away, No disregard  Non-gaze : 35% Fly away, 30% disregard Distance  Recognition distance : Almost similar (Gaze or non-gaze)  Second reaction distance : Gaze > Non-gaze  Standard deviation of non-gaze : RD > SRD Time  SRD => Thinking time  Thinking time : Gaze < Non-gaze

13. Discussion In non-gaze condition, the standard deviation of RD data is larger than that of SRD data. Because it is difficult to distinguish the first recognition behavior of magpie exactly. The clear and accurate method must be prepared in the next experiment to catch the magpie’s first recognition reaction, especially in non-gaze experiment.

14. Conclusion When magpie first recognize passerby, whether it’s gaze condition or non-gaze condition is NOT important. The magpie is more threatened when passerby staring at them.

15. Conclusion The difference of SRD between gaze and non-gaze experiments is consistent with the research done last year. Dividing the second reaction into more detailed category and comparing each one might reduce the error range.