1. GreenTouch Consortium: Building the Roadmap Dan Kilper Chair, Technical Committee

2. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium 2020 ICT Carbon Footprint 820m tons CO 2 360m tons CO 2 260m tons CO 2 2007 Worldwide ICT carbon footprint: 2% = 830 m tons CO 2 Comparable to the global aviation industry Expected to grow to 4% by 2020 The Climate Group, GeSI Report “Smart 2020”, 2008

3. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Bandwidth, Services, Applications Corporate Responsibility to Climate Change  Publicly visible good-will provided by being "Green"  Proactive stance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions  Customers feel better about service provider... leading to revenue growth  With energy costs sky- rocketing, increasing share of operations cost  Cooling is high percentage of network power consumption (20% to 50%) CAPEX Technology Limits  Deploying new efficient equipment  Capacity limits for existing technology and by power/thermal budgets OPEX $$$ Energy costs Internet Energy Tightening Energy Bottleneck

4. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Fiber Capacity Deficit or “Crunch” 20102020200019901980 Commercial Systems Data Voice Only call on weekends Penny Calls, 24/7 Connection Penny Calls, 24/7 Connection What next? 10x Traffic

5. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium The Network Energy Gap Mobile Data Internet Backbone Mobile Efficiency Wireline Efficiency Growing Gap! Traffic Kilper, et. al., IEEE JSTQE 2011

6. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium  Improving network efficiency at best keeps power consumption flat over next decade  What happens after 2020?  Can only use ‘sleep modes’ once Ideal Efficiency Improvements on BAU: Flat in 2020 Current technology will only sustain us for another decade: how do we go beyond?

7. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium ICT Industry Responds  First Step: metrics, awareness, standards, call to action  Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI)  ITU-T  GreenGrid  Next Step: Cooperation, Action  EARTH: LTE 2x  Mobile VCE: Green Radio 100x  Institute for Energy Efficiency: Wireless and Optical 100x  GreenTouch: ICT Networks 1000x Semiconductor Industry Already Organized for the Long View: ITRS 15 years out Semiconductor Industry Already Organized for the Long View: ITRS 15 years out

8. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium What is GreenTouch?  Broad, open and global consortium executing research projects to achieve aggressive goal  Roadmap organization establishing reference architectures and research targets to overcome major challenges facing network scaling and energy  Venue for cooperation and enabling demonstrations among research organizations  Forum for the exchange of information on energy trends, challenges, & research on communication networks GreenTouch Mission By 2015, our goal is to deliver the architecture, specifications and roadmap — and demonstrate key components — needed to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels. GreenTouch Mission By 2015, our goal is to deliver the architecture, specifications and roadmap — and demonstrate key components — needed to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels.

9. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium GreenTouch Members  AT&T Services  Athens Information Technology (AIT) Center for Research & Education  Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent  Broadcom  Carnegie Mellon University  CEA-LETI Applied Research Institute for Microelectronics  China Mobile  Chunghwa Telecom  Columbia University  Commscope/Andrew  Draka Communications  Dublin City University  ETRI  ES Network/Lawrence Berkeley Labs  Fondazione Politecnico di Milano  Fraunhofer-Geselleschaft  France Telecom  Freescale Semiconductor  Fujitsu  Huawei  IBBT  IMEC  INRIA  KAIST  Karlsruhe Institute of Technology  Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U. Leuven)  King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology  KT Corporation  National ICTA Australia  Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp  Politecnico di Torino  Portugal Telecom Inovação, S.A.  Samsung (SAIT)  Seoul National University  Swisscom  TNO  Tsinghua University  TTI  TU Dresden  University College London  University of Cambridge  University of Delaware  University of L’Aquila  University of Leeds  University of Manchester  University of Maryland  University of Melbourne’s Institute for a Broadband- Enabled Society (IBES)  University of New South Wales  University of Paderborn  University of Rochester  University of Toronto  Waterford Institute of Technology  ZTE GreenTouch : Building the Roadmap | 2011

10. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium GreenTouch Organization Services, Applications Trends Steve Korotky, Bian Sen Operations Committee Thierry V. Landegem, Kevin Kemp Operations Committee Thierry V. Landegem, Kevin Kemp Working Groups Executive Board Gee Rittenhouse Executive Board Gee Rittenhouse Technical Committee Dan Kilper, Shugong Xu Technical Committee Dan Kilper, Shugong Xu Network Committee Kerry Hinton Network Committee Kerry Hinton

11. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium GreenTouch Working Groups Access Networks Core Networks Mobile Communications U. Barth, E. Calvanese-Strinati Optical Networking & Transmission W. Shieh, C. Dorize Switching and Routing T. Klein, J. Elmirghani Wireline Access Networks P. Vetter, L. Lefevre Working Groups

12. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium GreenTouch Approach  Bottom Up Research Organization  Use of models to structure and guide research and collaboration  Funding through member contributions & external sources  Gauge impact of innovations on:  Alternative metrics (carbon footprint, network power, embedded energy)  Adjacent technologies (data centers, handsets)  Measure, model and predict energy consumption in ICT networks (equipment trends, traffic, deployment)

13. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Targets and Challenges Total Network Mobile WDM Wireline Access S&R How do we prevent this? What are the major technical obstacles? If we wait until 2020, won’t see solution until 2030!

14. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Consortium 5 Year Goal  Define architectures  Demonstrate tech. Use models for network in 2020 to set technology demonstration requirements

15. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium 12 targets achieved 1 target achieved Use Architecture Models & Targets to Track Progress  Define architectures and track research results  Identify targets for each architecture and update network efficiency in model as targets are achieved Working groups define targets and evaluate completion Targets can be achieved within GreenTouch projects or from broader community Identify gaps in effort and solicit new activities Goal 3 targets achieved Remaining targets achieved

16. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Modeling Provides Clear Picture of Goals GreenTouch 5 year Goal: Element efficiency demonstration targets for model 2020 network Overall network efficiency target in 2020 Baseline year 2010 Target year 2020 GreenTouch results in five years: 2015 Efficiency in Mbps/W DRAFT MODEL

17. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Roadmap Details Underway  Draft wireline access cpe trend  Draft Core Opt Ntwk transponder model After sleep mode Efficient HW design Virtual HGW BI PON Low power circuits beyond CMOS GPONXGPON Tx:P(W)Notes Mux0.4010pJ/b Driver1.0025pJ/b Laser0.061.5pJ/b Mod0.164pJ/b Subtotal1.62 Rx: PhotoRx0.1443.6pJ/b DeMux0.8020pJ/b Subtotal0.95 2.56W20% +Inefficiencie s 10.25W80% P function 12.81W Overheads12.81W Total25.6W

18. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Structure 2000X 1600X 400X 20X Services, Applications & Trends Mobile Communications Wireline Access Networks Core Optical Networking & Transmission Core Switching & Routing

19. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Some Research Projects… Beyond Cellular – Green Mobile Networks Virtual Home Gateway Optimal End-to-End Resource Allocation Service Energy Aware Optical Networks Green Transmission Technologies Minimum Energy Access Architectures Single-Chip Linecards Large-Scale Antenna Systems Highly-Adaptive Layer Mesh Networks Massive MIMO Steady flow of new Projects & coop. activities

20. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium First Technology Demonstration: Large Scale Antenna Array Systems, Using MIMO to Focus RF Energy Processing Unit Marzetta, T. L., IEEE Trans Wireless Comm, Nov 2010

21. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Current Antenna Technology Antenna End-user

22. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Current Antenna Technology Antenna End-user Power used © 2011 GreenTouch Consortium

23. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Simulating Current Antenna Technology Antenna End-user Power used = 16W 16 element antenna array

24. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Large Scale Antenna System Demonstration Antenna End-user Power used = 1W Collaborators: Bell Labs Freescale Huawei imec Samsung 16 Antennas  16x power reduction!

25. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Beyond Cellular Mobile Separating Data Network from Signaling Network Data NetworkSignaling Network Collaborators: Polimi Bell Labs Huawei Samsung INRIA Mobile Communications Working Group

26. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Wireline Access Virtual Home Gateway Min. Energy Access Architectures Un-cooled Tunable Lasers Sleep Modes DSP Platforms for Wireless Home Network Fiber in the Home Novel PON Protocols; Low Power Customer Premises Equipment Low Power OFDM in Optical Access

27. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Single-Chip Router Linecards Silicon Photonics Optical Fiber CMOS Cross-X Multiple Cores Content Cache Hybrid Electronic – Photonic Chip Core Switching & Routing Working Group

28. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Cooperation Among Diverse Research Groups & Consortia Thru port Input Drop port Add port  Cooperating Project INTERNET: INTelligent Energy awaRe NETworks Zinwave

29. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium  BCG 2 : Beyond Cellular Green Generation*  GTT: Green Transmission Technologies*  LSAS: Large Scale Antenna Systems*  Minimum Energy Access Architectures  Minimum energy access architecture demonstration  VHG: Virtual Home Gateway  OPERA: Optimal End to End Resource Allocation  STAR: Switching & Transmission  REPTILE: Router Power Measurements  Single Chip Linecard  ZeBRA: Zero Buffer Router Architectures  SEASON: Service Energy Aware Sustainable Optical Networks*  HALF MOON: Highly Adaptive Layer for Mesh On-off Optical Networks  EFICOST: Energy Efficient High Capacity OFDM Signal Transmission  Telecommunication Audits and Data Aggregation Current GreenTouch Projects *Cluster project made up of several sub-projects/activities

30. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium GreenTouch Project Process Project concept presented to relevant WG(s); project proposal prepared incorporating any in- kind or cash funding from partners Relevant WG(s) discusses and endorses the proposal Technical Committee discusses and approves the proposal; passes funding requests onto the Executive Board Opportunity for members to review, solicit, & fund projects or make in-kind contributions Members can direct donations for the purpose of funding projects or activities, or make a general contribution Includes endorsement of contributed or cooperative projects & activities

31. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Initial Activities  Build research program  First technology demonstration spring 2011  Establish common reference architecture  Define primary research targets  Establish expected trends on key metrics to 2020  Provide international forum for cooperation and exchange of ideas on energy research topics

32. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium New Approaches: Focus on Energy  New devices Analog vs digital, best use of optics and electronics Old ideas finding new life: large scale MIMO  New architectures trade-off transmission/bandwidth and processing, distributed versus centralized  New protocols Longer packet sizes or no packets at all for certain applications  Service optimized networks Move away from one size fits all—use most energy efficiency hardware for the service Coordinate service delivery/applications with network hardware operation  Restructuring layers, architectures, feature options How much do way pay in energy for convenience? duplicated functions (FEC)? What technologies do we really need in order to support the essential capabilities?

33. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium Minimizing Processing  Repetition Unnecessary router hops Inter-operator exchange Multiple transmissions  Remove processing from the data path Separate control channel?  Focus on Service Content delivery vs. browsing vs messaging  Push to the edges FEC Security, policy processing  Simplified Addressing Geographic addressing/binary switching Separate what is needed from what is convenience

34. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium A Scalable Internet: Holistic Re-Design  Processing New addressing—transparent data flow End-to-End—security, FEC  Back to the Future Optimized hardware for given task: service differentiation – Take the movies out of the routers  How many layers do we need?  How do protocols and algorithms impact hardware design?  How do we unlock physical potential—small cells, efficient MIMO?  What is the real energy cost for the features and functions supported in the network?

35. © 2011-2012 GreenTouch Consortium  A global organization dedicated to the long term sustainability of ICT networks  Tackle major problems end-to-end, full picture  Lay the foundation technologies  Clear vision for future: roadmap YEAR 2000200520102015202020251995 ANNUAL GROWTH RATE (%) 250 200 150 100 0 50 300 Opportunities Future is a different game than the past

36. Thank You www.greentouch.org © 2011 GreenTouch Consortium