1. Using GIS to Analyze Movement of Tiger Sharks

2. Shark Tags SPOT http://www.hawaii.edu/himb/ReefPredator/Tools.htm PAT

3. Tag Range: Kure to Hawaii

4. PacIOOS Voyager http://oos.soest.Hawaii.edu/pacioos/voyager/

5. How Shark Movements are Tracked Click on each tab listed under Fish and Wildlife to learn the three ways that shark movement is shown on this site. Tracking Sightings Distributions

6. Sightings To focus on the cluster of data points surrounding the Main Hawaiian Islands follow these steps:. Open the Sightings tab Open the Sharks tab Open the tiger tab Select the Points box Open the Advanced tab Under the advanced tab, you can select how many data points you want to see. It shows the # of points to view at one time; if you zoom or move the map around on the screen it will show you new points in the specific area. To add the range setting, on the bottom of the left toolbar click on the heading titled “range” with your mouse, place the central point around Kihei, Maui by clicking on the spot. Zoom in and out to look at different range distances of the islands.

7. Use this table to identify the sex and distance range of the 15 of the data points that are shown in your screen. Sex of SharkRange After looking at the data table consider this: -Are there more males than females? -Is either sex more abundant in a certain range? -Are there more sharks in one of the ranges?

8. *Deselect the ‘points’ box and close the sightings tab to clear the screen. Using Tracking: This section will show you how to track a specific shark. 1. Open the Tracking tab 2. Open sharks 3. Open tiger 4. From here you will be able to select a specific shark. Select any shark with a tag ID higher than 100000. 5. Check the boxes below for “show legend” and “path” then open the advanced tab. Checking the box that says “Include lines” will show a line connecting each point, and selecting “include arrows” will show the direction of points. Direction is also indicated by color scale in the legend. 6. Select “50” from the point’s dropdown menu. In the advanced settings it’s possible to specify a date or time range You can also watch an animation of the tracking which will show you point by point movements.

9. Transferring Data from PacIOOS to Excel Without closing the PacIOOS site, open an Excel sheet. 1. In Excel, label the first row of columns as shown. 2. Go back to PacIOOS and go to the left sidebar on the website 3. On the left sidebar select fish and wildlife 4. Select tracking 5. Select sharks 6. Select tiger 7. Under tiger using the drop down arrow, select any tagged tiger shark.

10. Transferring Data from PacIOOS to Excel 8. What is your tiger shark’s ID number? (Pick shark with an ID above 100000 ) ____________________. 9. Scroll down from the id number check the box next to path. Scroll down to advanced click the +. Using the drop down arrow select 5 points On PacIOOS you should see the path of your shark.

11. 10. Following the start and finish points, click on each circle and write down the latitude and longitude. Transferring Data from PacIOOS to Excel Latitude Longitude Once the information is written down, transfer this information into your excel spreadsheet.

12. Transferring Data from PacIOOS to Excel 1.Once the latitude and longitude is loaded into Excel we can transfer these data to ArcGIS. 2.To import into ArcGIS, in the top left corner of your Excel spreadsheet select File 3.Select Save As 4.Select a file name for example: Animal tracking data or shark data, etc. 5.Then Save as type select the drop down arrow on the far right and select CSV (comma delimited) Mac users: Save as Type is called Format comma sep. values (.csv) 6. Select Save You are now ready to import these data to ArcGIS!

13. ArcGIS Explorer Go to https://www.arcgis.com/home/signin.html Create a new account or login to ArcGIS with the following account: Username: “sharklab” Password: “biteme” Open a New Map 1. After signing in to the ArcGIS account, click “map” at the top of the page. 2. After opening the map feature click “new map” at the upper right hand corner of the page.

14. ArcGIS Explorer Creating a Map and adding Layers Begin by adding the Shark CSV data file into the ArcGIS 1. Import the.CSV file containing your Shark Tracking Data. Select the “add” tab, then select the “add layer from file” option. Click “Choose file” and select the.CSV file, containing your spreadsheet of the shark data that you created in excel, then click import layer.

15. ArcGIS Explorer 2. Now select an Ocean Basemap to start drawing inquiry into the shark movement. Select the “Basemap” tab and click on the ocean map. This will highlight ocean seafloor topographic features.

16. ArcGIS Explorer You now have the shark tracking data in a customizable map in ArcGIS. We can now add other layers to this map by importing other data sets or searching the layer database provided in the search feature.

17. Exploring layers and adding them to the map 1. Click the “add” tab and select “search for layers”. Type in “Bathymetric” and click search. Under the search results find the layer titled “GEBCO_08 Bathymetry Contours” and click add. Note: You can search for layers by typing in any keyword for a particular type of data. For example, Searching “Hawaii” will provide all layers pertaining to Hawaii. Using multiple keywords will refine the search. Ex: “Hawaii” “Ocean”.

18. ArcGIS tips 1. Under the details tab, select the “content” sub-tab in order to manage and edit your different layers. You may edit layers by adjusting the transparency, changing symbols or removing layers. (Changing the symbols is a useful tool.) It will allow you to differentiate multiple layers of uploaded CSV data sheets. You may also edit the color of the symbols to represent data ranges within the layer, such as the date of each point. 2. Click the legend tab to view the description of the icons found on your map.

19. We now have a map which displays the contours of different depths in Ocean Bathymetry overlayed with our shark tracking data.

20. Analyzing ArcGIS Map and develop hypothesis By adding as Layers, which show various ocean aspects, you can develop hypothesis based on the relationship to the Sharks movement. Try adding one layer at a time and think about the possible relationship to the sharks’ location.

21. Monk Seal with Tiger Shark Bite