1. After a Guilty verdict Treatment Programmes

2. After a Guilty Verdict Imprisonment Employment Gillis & Nafekh Suicide Palmer and Connelly PrisonZimbardo Alternative to Imprisonment ProbationMair & May Restorative Justice Sherman & Strang Looking Death Worthy Eberhardt Treatments CBTCann Anger Management Ireland Ear Acupuncture Wheatley

3. Treatment Programmes The re-offending rate is used as a measure of success for all treatment programmes. The Home Office compares the expected risk of being re- convicted against what actually happens in treatment and non-treated groups, to see if the difference is significant 2 years later. This is dependent on having accurate statistics: some offender may re-offend but not get caught, while others may be picked up repeatedly.

4. How is CBT used to rehabilitate offenders? Textbook 114

5. Types of Cognitive Skills Programmes Page 115 R & R (Reasoning & Rehabilitation) ECT:

6. Evaluation of Cognitive Skills Programmes Page 115 Friendship (2002) reported that re-offending rates for prisoners who received CBT were 14% lower than those who hadn’t. However, a later study by Falshaw & Friendship (2003) failed to find a significant difference. What is the reason for this difference in results?

7. Cognitive Skills Programmes Cann: Impact of cognitive skills programmes in reducing re-conviction Most of the previous studies have been done on males. However, Cann’s study looks at cognitive skills training and looks at a sample of female offenders. Why was the programme ineffective? What is the problem with using re-offending rates as measure of success of a programme such as this? Reliability of CBT Other factors that increase/decrease success of staying out of prison

8. Anger Management Anger is a strong emotion and many prisoners have problems controlling their anger which leads to violent behaviour. What are the two types of aggression? 117 * Anger needs to be controlled within a prison environment for the safety of staff and inmates. One way of achieving this aim is through Anger Management programmes. What are the aims of the National Anger Management Package course for prisoners? (See booklet page 118)

9. Anger Management CALM is a cognitive behavioural programme aimed at prisoners who have problems managing their emotions and for whom this had been an important part of their offending behaviour. The prisoner may also show a lack of emotional control in the prison and therefore be difficult to manage. There are six modules with a total of 26 sessions. Module 1: Module 2: Module 3: Module 4: Module 5: Module 6:

10. Evaluation of Anger Management Ireland (2000): Investigation of whether anger-management courses work Effectiveness of programme: Quasi-experiment: Self-reports:

11. Ear acupuncture for drug rehabilitation Ear acupuncture is an alternative treatment that has been used in prisons for 5 years. Its proponents, including Michael Wheatley, (Senior Manager for the Drug Strategy & Services Directorate of High Security Prisons in England and Wales), say it is popular because it is cheap, easily taught and does not depend on the prisoner to be highly motivated to work.

12. Ear acupuncture for drug rehabilitation What is Focus? How does Ear Acupuncture fit into this programme?

13. Evaluation of Ear acupuncture for drug rehabilitation Wheatley: Use of acupuncture to treat drug addiction in prisoners Effectiveness: Field experiment: Two trained practitioners: