1. Creation’s Original Instructions & Our Climate Artwork, Old Father Story Teller by Pablita Velarde (Santa Clara Pueblo) from “Native Science” (Cajete, 2000)

2. Creation and Our Origins Examples Wampanoag Diné (Navajo) Tohono O’odham Map from Google maps http://maps.google.com/ Mi’kmaq

3. Creation and Our Origins Gay Head Cliffs of Aquinnah on Noepe (Martha’s Vineyard) Maushop’s home and sacred place for Wampanoag (People of the Dawn) Photo by Casey Kahn-Thornbrugh, 2008 Ioligam (I’itoi’s Garden) and Waw Giwulk (Baboquivari Peak) in the background I’itoi’s home and sacred place for Tohono O’odham (People of the Desert) Photo by Casey Kahn-Thornbrugh, 2008

4. Creation and Our Origins The four sacred mountains of Din é Bikeyah (Navajo Nation Lands) Dibé Nitsaa (Mt. Hesperus, CO) Sisnaajiní (Blanca Peak, CO)Tsoodził (Mt. Taylor, NM) Dook’o’oosłííd (San Francisco Peaks, AZ) Photo from Harrison Lapahie www.lapahie.com/Mt_Hesperus.cfm Photo from Weather Underground www.wunderground.com/wximage/ viewsingleimage.html Photo from Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Taylor _(New_Mexico) Photo from Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco _Peaks

5. What are our Creation Stories about? Artwork by Hoke Denetsosie (Diné) from “The Sacred” (Beck, Walters & Francisco, 1977)

6. Destruction and Renewal of Worlds Artwork author unknown from “The Sacred” (Beck, Walters & Francisco, 1977) Photo by Casey Kahn-Thornbrugh, 2009 Photo courtesy of CLIMAS, University of Arizona 2006

7. Algonquin Story of Old Man Winter (Mi’kmaq & Wampanoag versions: also A Haudenosaunee-Seneca version) Artwork, Old Man Winter by Mary Arquette from “Children of the Morning Light”

8. Algonquin Story of Old Man Winter Mi’kmaq & Wampanoag versions: Also A Haudenosaunee-Seneca version Climatic elements Snow & ice Long term winter Warmth Arrival of Spring and Summer seasons Instructions/Lessons Humility Endurance & strength in winter. Negotiation & reason

9. Diné Creation Story (should be told in winter only) Only basic climate elements & instructions mentioned here: A journey through four worlds Each world experiences an environmental and evolutionary change New elements of climate and physical geography gained in each world New instructions and lessons for humans gained in each world

10. First World Climatic elements Gathering of gases, air & an atmosphere Establishment of four directions and winds Gathering of primary elements: fire (light), earth, water & wind (air) Creation of male and female elements (male & female rain) Instructions /Lessons Respect the elements, especially “fire.” Remain committed to your word. Safeguard your spouse’s concerns and well being

11. Male Rain Diné story of the creation of Ní ł ts ą Bik ą ’ (Male Rain) & Ní ł ts ą Bi’áád (Female Rain) Female Rain Photo from National Weather Service Photo from Genome Outreach to Native Americans, National Science Foundation 2006 www.lawrencelab.org/Outreach/2006/Rain.html

12. Second World Climatic elements Snow and ice Instructions /Lessons Respect all elements related to the water and air.

13. Third World Climatic elements The people learn planting & harvesting Flooding Instructions /Lessons Leave all animals alone if one has no purpose for them. Have respect for all living things, especially offspring.

14. Fourth World Climatic elements Heat and dryness Instructions/ Lessons Be persistent, but remember there is a price (hard work) for everything gained. Offer precious things such as gems or corn pollen when taking or extracting something from the environment.

15. Fourth World Climatic elements Heat and dryness Instructions/Lessons Take quiet time to observe the environment. Take notice of when the first spring thunder occurs. Understand the interdependency between the living and non-living worlds. Respect the natural as you would respect own body

16. Tohono O’odham Story of Tohono O’odham Story of Hewel c Ju:k ĭ (Wind & Rain) Hewel c Ju:k ĭ (Wind & Rain) (also a story for winter) (also a story for winter) Wind & Rain and O’odham Himdag (Way of living) Photo from 2007 Weather and Climate Class Tohono O’odham Community College Photo from 2007 Weather and Climate Class Tohono O’odham Community College

17. Tohono O’odham Story of Hewel c Ju:k ĭ (Wind & Rain) Climatic elements Wind Rain Drought Monsoon rains Instructions/Lessons Consult community during decision-making Control one’s anger and emotions Respect elements of climate (i.e. wind and rain) as you would other people Revere wind and rain each year

18. Western & Native American Perspectives of Weather and Climate Putting perspectives into context