1. More on Functions PHP mod 4 B

2. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) mail($to, $subject, $msg, $mailheaders); m08/8-1simple_form.html m08/8-1send_simpleform.php

3. File operations $dir = opendir($dir_name); – http://php.net/manual/en/function.opendir.php http://php.net/manual/en/function.opendir.php – Opens up a directory handle to be used in subsequent closedir(), readdir(), and rewinddir() calls.closedir() readdir()rewinddir() readdir($dir); – http://php.net/manual/en/function.readdir.php http://php.net/manual/en/function.readdir.php – Returns the filename of the next file from the directory. The filenames are returned in the order in which they are stored by the filesystem. closedir($dir) – http://php.net/manual/en/function.closedir.php http://php.net/manual/en/function.closedir.php – Closes the directory stream indicated by dir_handle. The stream must have previously been opened by opendir().opendir()

4. Example m09/9-1listfiles.php filetype() – string filetype ( string $filename ) – Returns the type of the given file.

5. Opening/closing a file fopen — Opens file or URL – http://php.net/manual/en/function.fopen.php http://php.net/manual/en/function.fopen.php – resource fopen ( string $filename, string $mode [, bool $use_include_path = false [, resource $context ]] ) – fopen() binds a named resource, specified by filename, to a stream. fclose()

6. Modes of fopen() 'r' Open for reading only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. 'r+' Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. 'w' Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'w+‘ Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file and truncate the file to zero length. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'a' Open for writing only; place the file pointer at the end of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'a+' Open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the end of the file. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. 'x' Create and open for writing only; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. If the file already exists, the fopen() call will fail by returning FALSE and generating an error of level E_WARNING. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. This is equivalent to specifying O_EXCL|O_CREAT flags for the underlying open(2) system call. 'x+' Create and open for reading and writing; place the file pointer at the beginning of the file. If the file already exists, the fopen() call will fail by returning FALSE and generating an error of level E_WARNING. If the file does not exist, attempt to create it. This is equivalent to specifying O_EXCL|O_CREAT flags for the underlying open(2) system call.

7. Example M09/9-2newfile.php

8. Since “w+” truncates the length to 0 … file_exists — Checks whether a file or directory exists http://php.net/manual/en/function.file- exists.php http://php.net/manual/en/function.file- exists.php Example: m09/9-3newfile_checkfirst.php To suppress PHP warnings: – precede PHP functions with @

9. To write to a file fwrite — Binary-safe file write – Syntax: int fwrite ( resource $handle, string $string [, int $length ] ) – fwrite() writes the contents of string to the file stream pointed to by handle. – Return value: fwrite() returns the number of bytes written, or FALSE on error. Example: m09/9-4writedata.php die(String message) function

10. To read from a file fread — Binary-safe file read – Syntac: string fread ( resource $handle, int $length ) – fread() reads up to length bytes from the file pointer referenced by handle. Reading stops as soon as one of the following conditions is met: length bytes have been read EOF (end of file) is reached a packet becomes available (for network streams) 8192 bytes have been read (after opening userspace stream) – Return: Returns the read string or FALSE in case of error. http://php.net/manual/en/function.fread.php for warnings - difference between text and binary http://php.net/manual/en/function.fread.php

11. Examples m09/9-5readdata.php – Wait a minute! Compare textfile.txt and the printout. Any difference? m09/9-5Breaddata.php To deal with the missing line break, use the nl2br() function – nl2br() - newline_to_break function

12. email contents of a file M09/9-6emailcontents.php

13. Copy file copy — Copies file bool copy ( string $source, string $dest [, resource $context ] ) m09/9-7copyfile.php

14. rename() rename — Renames a file or directory bool rename ( string $oldname, string $newname [, resource $context ] ) Attempts to rename oldname to newname. Return Values – Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure. Example: m09/9-8renamefile.php

15. unlink — Deletes a file bool unlink ( string $filename [, resource $context ] ) – Deletes filename. Similar to the Unix C unlink() function. – Return Values: Returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.

16. Uploading a file How to produce an input element with a Browse button in HTML?

17. To get a Browse button: m10/10-1upload_form.html

18. Superglobal $_FILES $_FILES – The $_FILES Superglobal represents data available to a PHP script from HTTP POST file uploads. – Using $_FILES is the currently preferred way to handle uploaded files in PHP.

19. $_FILES [‘userfile’], where userfile is name of input element $_FILES['userfile']['name'] (Specifies the original name of the file being uploaded on the client computer). $_FILES['userfile']['type'] (Specifies the MIME type of the file being uploaded, for instance, "image/jpeg"). $_FILES['userfile']['size'] (Indicates the size in bytes of the file being uploaded). $_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'] (Indicates the temporary name used by the web server to store the uploaded file). $_FILES['userfile']['error'] (Specifies the error code associated with a specific file upload).

20. Variables automatically placed in the $_FILES superglobal img1 is name of input element in the original html form $_FILES[img1][tmp_name] - refers to the temporary file on the web server $_FILES[img1][name] - Actual name of the file that was uploaded $_FILES[img1][size] - size of uploaded file in bytes $_FILES[img1][type] - The MIME type of the uploaded file, such as image/jpg

21. if ($_FILES["img1"] != "") { @copy($_FILES[img1][tmp_name], "C:/wamp/www/m10/".$_FILES[img1][name] ) or die("Couldn't copy the file."); } else { die("No input file specified"); } See m10/10-1do_upload.php