1. Modeling and Analysis of State-of-the-art VM-based Cloud Management Platforms Saif U. K. Malik, Samee U. Khan, Senior Member, IEEE, Surdarshan K. Srinivansan, Member, IEEE IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CLOUD COMPUTING (2013) 報告者 ： 計財 15 100071018 韋自鴻 計財 15 100071020 楊佑濬 1

2. Introduction 2

3. What is Cloud Computing? 3

4. Cloud Computing structure 4 Application Social Computing, Enterprise, ISV, … Programming language Web 2.0 介面, Mashups, Workflows, … Control Qos Neqotiation, Ddmission Control, Pricing, SLA Management, Metering … Virtualization VM, VM management and Deployment User Level User-Level Middleware Core Middleware System Level

5. 現有的雲端運算服務  Windows  Google  Amazon  Yahoo ...... 5

6. Type of Cloud Computing Industry 6

7. Features of cloud computing 7 Large scale Virtualization High reliability High versatility High Scalability pay-as-you-go Low Cost

8. Cloud Computing Industry 8 Infrastructure as a Service  Delivers computer infrastructure such as virtualization, storage, and networking that offers incremental scalability.  infrastructure stack:  Full OS access  Firewalls  Routers  Load balancing IaaS

9. Cloud Computing Industry 9 Examples  Flexiscale  AWS: EC2 (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud) IaaS

10. Cloud Computing Industry 10 Platform as a Service  Provide a platform for system administrators and developers to build, test and deploy custom applications  Expensive cost management system Popular services  Storage  Database  Scalability IaaS PaaS

11. Cloud Computing Industry 11 Examples  Google App Engine  AWS: S3 (Simple Storage Service)  Microsoft Azure IaaS PaaS

12. Cloud Computing Industry 12 Software as a Service  Do not manage hardware and software  Simple operation (browser)  Pay per use  Instant Scalability  Security  Reliability IaaS PaaS SaaS

13. Cloud Computing Industry 13 Examples  Google Docs  CRM  Financial Planning  Human Resources  Word processing  Salesforce.com IaaS PaaS SaaS

14. Comparison table 14 Service Property Amazon EC2 Google App Engine Microsoft Azure Yahoo Hadoop 架構 Iaas/PaasPaas Software 服務型態 Compute/ Storage Web application Web and non- web Software 管理技術 OS on Xen hypervisor Application container OS through Fabric controller Map / Reduce Architecture 使用者介面 EC2 Command-line tools Web-based Administration console Windows Azure portal Command line and web APIsyes 收費 yesmaybeyesno 程式語言 AMI (Amazon Machine Image) Python.NET framework Java,

15. Open Source IaaS  the most widely used open source hypervisors in the recent IaaS providers:  (a) Xen  (b) KVM  three open source state-of-the-art VM-based cloud management platforms :  (a) Eucalyptus  (b) Open Nebula  (c) Nimbus 15

16. Eucalyptus  The less level of customization that makes it appropriate for a private company, where one needs a cloud for own use and wants to avoid mistakes from the users.  The best feature is compatible with Amazon EC2. 16

17. Open Nebula  the highest level of customizability that allow users to switch almost every component from the underlying Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) to the frontend.  Open Nebula is suitable in an experimental environment, where one wants to explore every component and crack new results from the computational perspective. 17

18. Nimbus  Nimbus also provides a high level of customization.  However, the major portion of customization in Nimbus is available to the administrator.  Nimbus is more suitable for an environment, where one is less interested in technical details of the systems, but requires a broad level of customization, such as cooperative scientific communities. 18

19. Modeling and Analysis of the systems  In this study, we made an effort to diminish the level of abstraction through detailed modeling and formal analysis of the platforms being discussed.  We have used High Level Petri Nets (HLPN) and Z language for the modeling and analysis of the systems. 19

20. High Level Petri Nets (HLPN)  HLPN is used to: (a) simulate the systems and (b) provide mathematical representation, to analyze the behavior and structural properties of the system.  The model of the systems will help analyze:  (1) the interconnection of the components and processes.  (2) the fine-grain details of the flow of information amongst the processes.  (3) how the information is processed. 20

21. Z3 solver  First, we performed the automated verification of the models by Checking technique using Satisfiability Modulo Theories Library (SMTLib) and Z3 solver.  Then, Z3 solver is used to check either the model satisfies the properties or not.  Second, to verify the feasibility of the models as the number of VMs scales and verify the correctness.  The results generated reveals that the models are working correctly. 21

22. Modeling and Analysis of VM-based Cloud Management Platforms 22

23. Eucalyptus Architecture 23

24. HLPN of Eucalyptus 24

25. Conclusion for Eucalyptus  Supports corporate enterprise computing setting  The administration space is separated from the user space.  Easy to deploy on top of the existing resource.  Suitable for experimentation because of having modular design open source in nature.  Users are only allowed to use the system through web interface 25

26. Open Nebula Architecture 26

27. HLPN of Open Nebula 27

28. Conclusion for Open Nebula  The level of customization available of Open Nebula is suitable for researchers who wish to combine cloud system with other technologies.  The centralized nature makes administration easier  Higher level of customization makes it ideal for research  Users need to have some technical expertise  Users can make a mistake while providing config for a VM 28

29. Nimbus Architecture 29

30. HLPN of Nimbus 30

31. Conclusion for Nimbus  Provides different resources leases to different users as a mean of scheduling  The flexibility and customization available to perform experiment  Workspace tools can operate with Xen hypervisor and as well as KVM. 31

32. Verification of Models Using SMT-Lib and Z3 Solver 32

33. Kripke structure and Computational Tree 33

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39. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 39

40. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK  In future, we will analyze, model, and verify some other cloud management platforms, such as OpenStack, oVirt, and ECP.  Moreover, we will also perform a detailed feasibility analysis of the aforesaid platforms under different SLA constraints. 40