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Chemical Equilibrium Objectives: 1. Describe a reversible reaction. 2. Define chemical equilibrium and explain how it is achieved. 3. Explain Le Chatelier's.

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Presentation on theme: "Chemical Equilibrium Objectives: 1. Describe a reversible reaction. 2. Define chemical equilibrium and explain how it is achieved. 3. Explain Le Chatelier's."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chemical Equilibrium Objectives: 1. Describe a reversible reaction. 2. Define chemical equilibrium and explain how it is achieved. 3. Explain Le Chatelier's principle. Key Terms reversible reaction, chemical equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle

2 Equilibrium Equilibrium is achieved when the forward rate of a reaction is equal to the reverse rate of a reaction.

3 Reversible Reactions A reversible reaction is one where the reactants and products exist in a state of equilibrium. Most reactions exist in a state of equilibrium. the creation of products is called the forward reaction the creation of reactants is called the reverse reaction in equilibrium the rates are equal (forward =reverse) the equilibrium position describes where equilibrium lies. – A + B  AB If this reaction favors the forward reaction or products, then equilibrium lies to the right or favors the forward reaction.

4 Equilibrium Constant The equilibrium constant (K eq ) is the ratio of product divided by the reactants – aA + bB  cC+ dD – equation: [C] c x [D] d =K eq [A] a x[B] b Note: the coefficients become exponents – What this means...? K eq >1 favors products K eq <1 favors reactants

5 Le Chatelier The equilibrium of a chemical reaction can be altered by changing the conditions that surround it. Le Chatelier described this with his principle that stated: If a change in conditions is imposed on a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium will shift in the direction that tends to reduce that change in conditions. Consider the following reaction: 2 NO 2  N 2 O 4 +  Pressure+  temperature – When the reaction is in equilibrium, a ratio is established between the products and the reactants. According to Le Chatelier we can manipulate the reactions by manipulating the conditions. – removing products drives the forward reaction – removing reactants drives the reverse reaction – decreasing the temperature drives the forward reaction


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