1. Describe and explain the formation of a headland. (6 marks) Describe and explain the formation of wave cut platforms. (6 marks) 20 minutes

2. Describe and explain the formation of a headland Headlands are hard rock outcrops, sticking out into the sea and bays are indents in the coastline. These features are formed when there are alternate bands of hard (e.g. chalk) and soft rock (e.g. clay) exposed to wave attach. The rocks are attacked by the waves which are armed with pebbles (abrasion) and is gradually undercut. It may also be eroded by solution (dissolved) or by hydraulic action (when waves compress air in small cracks in the rock). The hard chalk however is not eroded as easily as the clay, which is less resistant, and erodes quickly forming a bay with a sandy beach. The more resistant hard chalk is left sticking out as a headland which now becomes vulnerable to the full force of the waves.

3. Describe and explain the formation of wave cut platforms These were formed when waves attacked the base of the cliff forming a wave-cut notch (an indent in the base of the cliff). This undercutting is the result of erosion by waves e.g. abrasion (where rocks are hurled against the cliffs by waves) and wave pounding (the sheer force of water hitting against the cliff face). As the cliff is undercut, the rock above collapses and so the cliff gradually retreats. A sloping rocky platform known as a wave-cut platform is left behind where the cliff used to be. This is covered at high tide.

4. Describe and explain the formation of a headland Headlands are hard rock outcrops, sticking out into the sea and bays are indents in the coastline. These features are formed when there are alternate bands of hard (e.g. chalk) and soft rock (e.g. clay) exposed to wave attach. The rocks are attacked by the waves which are armed with pebbles (abrasion) and is gradually undercut. It may also be eroded by solution (dissolved) or by hydraulic action (when waves compress air in small cracks in the rock). The hard chalk however is not eroded as easily as the clay, which is less resistant, and erodes quickly forming a bay with a sandy beach. The more resistant hard chalk is left sticking out as a headland which now becomes vulnerable to the full force of the waves. RED – descriptionBLUE – ProcessesBLACK – Explanation

5. Describe and explain the formation of wave cut platforms These were formed when waves attacked the base of the cliff forming a wave-cut notch (an indent in the base of the cliff). This undercutting is the result of erosion by waves e.g. abrasion (where rocks are hurled against the cliffs by waves) and wave pounding (the sheer force of water hitting against the cliff face). As the cliff is undercut, the rock above collapses and so the cliff gradually retreats. A sloping rocky platform known as a wave-cut platform is left behind where the cliff used to be. This is covered at high tide. RED – descriptionBLUE – ProcessesBLACK – Explanation

6. Worksheet answers