1. More examples?

2. Where do you expect what kind of fronts? Slim WF?

3. Stronger kink Weaker kink Stronger weaker Vrcos term related to sight azimuth (1) (1): line of same radar sight. Any change of Vr due to wind dir (or wind speed). (2): Front line at least line of wind dir change, so Vr change ( „Radial shear“). (2) Uniform wind veering at front (arrows) Zero line Frontal signs more intense near zero line sector Frontal change: Phi (angle Dir, Azi)

4. phi1 phi2 ~20° const. sight Radial shear Azi shear Prefrontal: blue line Vr intensifies radially red line Vr decreases radially Radar Often the frontal wind shift is only a narrow corridor

5. Postfrontal: blue line Vr ….……….. radially red line Vr ….………… radially Radar Remember: Vr closer to zero line: weaker! Pull right line into diagramm position: intensifiesdecreases

6. ? ? stronger CAPPI1 ? Vr increase postfrontal?

7. Warm con belt Cold con belt PU4 UMD MUC When, compared to high warm air advection a very different low wind is indicated, it is then the cold prefrontal wind, nearly front parallel. CAPPI 1-4, wind shift UMD Extreme CAPPI shear in H4 4 1

8. LIN, 18UTC warm CCB warm cold slow Wind backing!? Discrepancy between height of assumed VAD frontal zone and surface position? CAPPI1PPI H2 Stationary fronts, same case

9. 12UTC 2 Close to surface warm front? Weak flow, stationary front WA cold CAPPI3 CAPPI1

10. CAPPI H1 1 2 Front position? Band in H3km? 2 1 Here frontal wind shift identical with max. vertically veering? …slow front BB band 06UTC

11. WF PPI 0,3° low higher What we want is a spatial front position: Severe kink in zero line = front there Zero line