1. Frequency Matters NOAA Satellite Conference For Direct Readout, GOES/POES, and GOES-R/JPSS Users April 9, 2013 Presented by Mark Mulholland Senior Advisor/Program Executive, NESDIS AA

2. Agenda Review of future L-Band spectrum auction Schedule of events leading to spectrum auction International aspects Non-federal user implications Panel discussion 2

3. NOAA’s L-Band Environment 3 TLM HRIT EMWIN JPSS LRD (1707) GOES-R Rebroadcast DCPR Radiosondes POES/MetOp MHZ 1695 1710 Commercial 1710 - 1755 Radiosondes Adjacent Bands Radiosondes POES & MetOp 1670 16801685 1690 Today Post-2030 2016 - 2030 1675 15 MHz Designated For Sharing LightSquared leases LightSquared wants

4. Why Us??? 4 You Are Here Source: The Great Radio Spectrum Famine, IEEE Inside Technology, October 2010, http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/the-great-radio-spectrum-famine/0http://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/the-great-radio-spectrum-famine/0

5. Our Competitors 5

6. The Bigger Picture Broadband industry prefers pairing of spectral bands –One band for phone-to-tower –One band for tower-to-phone Adjacent 2095-2110 MHz band not identified for auction –Broadband industry desires to occupy band adjacent to existing band –National Association of Broadcasters objects, citing public safety concerns 6 Advanced Wireless Service -1 (already licensed) slated for auction 2075 2095 2110 2155 2180 paired channels Likely pairing Broadcast Auxiliary Service (BAS) Logical pairing Advanced Wireless Service -1 (already licensed) Space-Ground Link System (SGLS) ↑ 1675 1695 1710 1755 1780 Polar Ops

7. Key Issue Evolution 7 20112013 GOES and Polar bands might be auctionedPolar bandwillbe auctioned Sharing withinfiveyears (NTIAreport)Sharing withinthreeyears (U.S. law) Non-federal users unprotected by zonesNon-federal users unprotected by zones Little known about broadband plansMuch more known about broadband plans 18 exclusion zones27 coordination zones (approval cycle) NOAA satellite options to be studiedMost studies complete; modifications made Funding not available for implementation Unknown international impactsWorld Radio Conference 2015 agenda item NPOESSJPSSwith Free Flyer Lightsquaredplansdidnot involve NOAALightsquaredplans may impact NOAA X-Bandprimarily used for earth scienceX-Band supports operational forecasting Some awareness of polar satellite valueIncreased awareness of polar satellite value

8. Fast-Track Critical Sites -- 2010 Critical SiteSystem(s)Customer & Use Wallops Island, VAGOES, POESPrimary GOES & POES Commanding & Data Acquisition (CDA) site Fairbanks, AKGOES, POESPrimary GOES and POES CDA Suitland, MD, Greenbelt, MDGOES, POESNOAA Satellite Operations Facility (NSOF) & Goddard Space Flight Center Back-up Anchorage, AKPOESElmendorf Air Force Base Anderson Air Base, GuamPOESHRPT Miami, FLGOES, POESHRPT (POES Imagery) & GVAR direct receive Monterey, CAGOES, POESHRPT (POES Imagery) & GVAR direct receive Omaha, NEGOES, POESAir Force Weather (all data) and Army Corps Of Engineers DCS Cincinnati, OH: Direct Read-out Ground Station (DRGS) GOESArmy Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges Rock Island, IL : DRGSGOESArmy Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges St. Louis, MO: DRGSGOESArmy Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges Vicksburg, MS: DRGSGOESArmy Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges Sacramento, CA: DRGSGOESArmy Corps of Engineers -- DCS water gauges Sioux Falls, SDGOES, POESNOAA & NWS & USGS Stennis Space Center, MSPOESHRPT Bay St. Louis, MSGOES, POESDepartment of the Interior (USGS) San Juan, PRGOESDepartment of the Interior (USGS) Honolulu, HIGOES, POESHRPT, GVAR, MTSAT Direct Broadcast (NWS and DoD) Twenty-none Palms, CA & Yuma, AZPOESHRPT (Relocatable systems) 8 Polar Sites In Red

9. Additional Critical Sites Location OwnerFunctionGOESPolar Anchorage, AK NOAA Anchorage Weather Forecast Office (WFO) & Alaska Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) √ √ Barrigada, Guam NOAAWFO for Guam and Marianas√ Barrow, AKNOAANOAA Barrow Observatory√ Boulder, CONOAASpace Weather Prediction Center√ Fairmont, WVNOAAConsolidated Backup Facility√√ Ford Island (Pearl Harbor), HI NOAA NOAA Pacific Regional Center/Pacific Tsunami Warning Center √√ Greenbelt, MDNOAA/NASAGoddard Space Flight Center GOES Backup Site√ Kansas City, MONOAAAviation Weather Center√ Miami, FLNOAA Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory CoastWatch √ Miami, FLNOAANational Hurricane Center√ Norman, OKNOAAStorm Prediction Center√ 9 Revisions and additions were a result of: Multiple sites originally protected under one large exclusion zone now require separate coordination zones Increased concerns about adjacent band interference Relocation of critical operations 19 exclusion zones replaced by 27 coordination zones

10. Critical Sites – 2013 10 Typical coordination zone : POES: 40 km GOES: 10 km NWS Anchorage, Alaska

11. Exclusion Versus Coordination Zones Exclusion Zone: A geographical area within which commercial broadband operations are not permitted in certain frequency bands Coordination Zone: A geographical area within which commercial broadband operations may be permitted in certain frequency bands Advantages of coordination zones –Requires all broadband operators to coordinate with us every time they want to operate inside a zone –Responds to changes in broadband industry standards –NOAA can still say “No” –Allows NOAA to say “yes” when appropriate 11

12. Top 100 Broadband Markets 12

13. 20122013201420152016 Middle-Class Tax Relief Act and External Milestones Timeline for Regulatory Activities Expect broadband network use of the spectrum by 2016 ~ 2018 Studies License Applications & Auction Standardization Work Network build-out requirements Begin vacating Federal users NTIA planning for reallocation and reaccommodation Federal FCC Private Sector Licensees Deployment Rule Making Studies Bill Signed 1695-1710 MHZ Identified Transition Plan Auction Start WRC-15 13

14. International Aspects Broadband industry desires commonality in global standards CGMS committed to common requirements and operations standards World Radio Conference - 15 (WRC-15) agenda item will address additional spectrum for broadband –Agenda items will address both L-Band and X-Band spectrum –U.S. L-Band implementation will already be underway Since U.S. actions will lead WRC, international partners should plan for a transition period 14

15. Non-Federal User Implications High probability of protection if you are in or near a coordination zone High probability of interference if you are in or near one of the Top 100 broadband markets Lower probability of interference if you are located in a rural area outside one of the Top 100 markets 15

16. Polar Satellite Motion of Antenna Frequency Terrestrial Emission Tracking Station Receiver Band Tracking Station Tracking Band Terrestrial Emission may interfere with Downlink Data Tracking of Satellite Depending on Relative Position Relative Signal Strength Operating Frequency Bandwidth Possible causes: In-band, adjacent band, ducting Motion of Tracking Antenna can align with Terrestrial Emitter Unprotected User – University of Delaware Interference Dynamics 16 Terrestrial Emission

17. Suggested Mitigation Concepts Satellite operators –Maximize use of 1697.5 MHz for polar operations –Consider use of relay satellites for future systems Users located outside coordination zones –Increase reflector size to increase gain –Remote antennas with terrestrial communications –Know where local cell towers are located and assess your probability of interference –Assess if direct downlink is absolutely required Users located inside coordination zones –Assess experiences of users outside coordination zones –You may not be inside a coordination zone tomorrow End user equipment manufacturers –Consider filter design and other technical solutions –Consider partnerships with telecoms to jointly develop procedural and technical solutions 17

18. PANEL DISCUSSION QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 18