1. Gene structure DNA replication

2. Figure 7.4A

3. Figure 7.5

4. The DNA double helix has grooves: a wide major groove and a narrow minor groove. - These provide DNA- binding proteins access to base sequences. DNA Structure Figure 7.6

5. RNA differs from DNA: - Usually single-stranded - Contains ribose sugar - Uracil replaces thymine RNA Structure Figure 7.4B

6. Bacteria pack their DNA into a series of loops or domains, collectively called the nucleoid. - Loops are anchored by histone-like proteins The Bacterial Nucleoid Figure 7.8

7. DNA Replication Replication of cellular DNA in most cases is semiconservative. - Each daughter cell receives one parental and one newly synthesized strand. Figure 7.13

8. Figure 7.14

9. Figure 7.15

10. Figure 7.18a Figure 7.18b

11. Animation: DNA Replication Click box to launch animation DNA Replication

12. Figure 7.19

13. Figure 7.21

14. Restriction endonucleases cleave DNA at specific recognition sites, which are usually 4 to 6 bp and palindromes. - May generate blunt or staggered ends Figure 7.27A Analysis of DNA

15. Agarose gel electrophoresis can be used to analyze the DNA fragments obtained by treatment with restriction enzymes. Figure 7.27B Analysis of DNA

16. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can produce over a million-fold amplification of target DNA within a few hours. Figure 7.29 Analysis of DNA