1. Artifact Activity Primary vs. Secondary Sources

2. Primary Sources ► it is a document, recording or other source of information that was created at roughly the time being studied, by an authoritative source, usually one with direct personal knowledge of the events being described. ► Examples: Original documents: autobiographies, diaries, e-mail, interviews, letters, minutes, news film footage, official records, photographs, raw research data, speeches Creative works: art, drama, films, music, novels, poetry Creative works: art, drama, films, music, novels, poetry Relics or artifacts: buildings, clothing, DNA, furniture, jewelry, pottery Relics or artifacts: buildings, clothing, DNA, furniture, jewelry, pottery

3. Secondary Sources ► is a secondhand account about people, events, topics or places that is based on what some other writer has experienced ► Examples: A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings A journal/magazine article which interprets or reviews previous findings A history textbook A history textbook An encyclopedia An encyclopedia

4. QUIZ Read the following examples of sources. Determine if it is a primary or secondary source. Write P for Primary or S for secondary. ____1. Diary kept by John Smith, a soldier in the Confederate Army, published in a collection of Alabama papers ____2. Photograph of Dr. George Washington Carver taken in 1898 ____3. Biography of George Washington ____4. Newspaper article about the assassination of President Kennedy written on November 23, 1963 ____5. Television mini-series about President Franklin Roosevelt's life

5. ____6. Scrapbook kept by Mrs. Mary Smith in 1883 with copies of recipes and household hints ____7. Photograph album containing pictures of classmates at Tuskegee Institute in 1923 ____8. Letter written by Emily Smith to her friend Pamela Jones, May 3, 1826, describing her trip by wagon from North Carolina to Huntsville, Alabama and the log cabin her father was building for the family ____9. Article about Martin Luther King, Jr. in People Magazine, 1988 ____10. Information about Creek Indians in World Book Encyclopedia

6. ____11. Cassette tape of an interview with Dr. James Lee describing his life as a doctor in Montgomery County during the 1920s ____12. The Story of Alabama, a textbook by Virginia Van der Veer Hamilton ____13. Matthew Mason's will, 1896 ____14. Map of Alabama drawn by John LaTourette, 1841 ____15. Minutes from the 1898 organization of Dexter Avenue United Methodist Church published in a play in 1988

7. Artifacts You and a partner have gone on an archeological dig with Kentucky Grimmer. You and your partner must determine what artifacts you have found, what can be determined about the people who left them behind just from looking at the artifacts, and determine if it is a primary or secondary source. You and your partner will present your findings to your peers. Be sure to tell us what you found, where it was found, and what you can determine about the people and their culture.

8. Closing thoughts ► When should primary sources be used? ► When should secondary sources be used? ► Based on our activity, is all history 100% accurate? Why or why not?