1. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 THE PROBLEM WITH FINE PARTICLES- HOW TO ASSESS AND FIX IT! Rod Truce Indigo Technologies rod@indigotechnologies.com.au

2. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 IMPACT OF FINE PARTICLES ON VISIBILITY

3. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 TYPICAL MASS AND OPACITY VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET

4. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 IMPACT OF PM2.5 ON VISIBILITY CategoriesPM2.5 (1-hr ave.) (µg/m 3 )Visibility (miles) Acceptable0-4010 miles and up Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups41-806 to 9 miles Unhealthy81-1753 to 5 miles Very Unhealthy176-3001½ to 2½ miles Hazardous301-5001 to 1 ¼ mile Very HazardousOver 500¾ mile or less The procedure for making personal observation to estimate the PM2.5 level for local areas without official monitors is: 1.Face away from the sun. 2.Determine the limit of your visible range by looking for targets at known distance (miles). 3. Visible range is that point at which even high contrast objects totally disappear. 3.Use the values above to determine the local PM2.5 level and health category.

5. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 IMPACT OF FINE PARTICLES ON HEALTH www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/naaqsfin/pmhealth.html www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/naaqsfin/pmhealth.html  Premature death;  Respiratory related hospital admissions and emergency room visits;  Aggravated asthma;  Acute respiratory symptoms, including aggravated coughing and difficult or painful breathing;  Chronic bronchitis;  Decreased lung function that can be experienced as shortness of breath;  Work and school absences;  Greatly reduced visibility.

6. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Annual Average 15ug/m 3 Daily Average reduced from 65ug/m 3 to 35ug/m 3 EPA AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS Annual Average 15ug/m 3 Daily Average reduced from 65ug/m 3 to 35ug/m 3  Save 15 000 lives per year;  Reduce hospital admissions by thousands each year due to reduced heart and lung diseases;  Improved visibility.

7. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 IMPACT OF PM2.5 ON HEALTH CategoriesPM2.5 (1-hr ave.) (µg/m 3 )Visibility (miles) Acceptable0-4010 miles and up Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups41-806 to 9 miles Unhealthy81-1753 to 5 miles Very Unhealthy176-3001½ to 2½ miles Hazardous301-5001 to 1 ¼ mile Very HazardousOver 500¾ mile or less

8. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 LUNG PENETRATION

9. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Major Elements (>0.05% Concentration)

10. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Trace Elements (<0.05% Concentration)

11. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Volatile Elements

12. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Carbon in Ash

13. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 DO YOU HAVE A FINE PARTICLE EMISSION PROBLEM?  OPACITY DRIVEN BY PARTICLES < 2.5UM  DO YOU KNOW YOUR OPACITY?  MASS DRIVEN BY PARTICLES > 2.5UM  DO YOU KNOW YOUR MASS EMISSION?

14. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

15. THE INDIGO FPCSystem (FINE PARTICLE CONTROL SYSTEM) A PROVEN TECHNOLOGY FOR REDUCING VISIBLE EMISSIONS FROM ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS

16. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 FINE PARTICLES (PM2.5) REMOVED USING INDIGO FPCSystem REMOVAL EFFICIENCY >90% BY NUMBER

17. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 How Does The Indigo FPCSystem Work? How Does The Indigo FPCSystem Work?  Treats the dust prior to entering the Electrostatic Precipitator  Uses fluidic (FAP) and electrostatic (BEAP) forces to attach the fine particles to the larger, easily collected particles  The Bi-Polar Charger charges half the dust positively and the other half negatively  Fine negative particles are selectively mixed with the large positive particles and large negative particles with fine positive particles  When a fine particle comes close to an oppositely charged large particle, it is attracted and attaches to the large particle

18. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 THE INDIGO FPCSystem

19. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 FLUIDIC AGGLOMERATION PROCESS

20. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 INDIGO FPCSystem AT PLANT WATSON

21. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 ESP FINE PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICENCY ESP FINE PARTICLE COLLECTION EFFICENCY

22. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Impact of ESP Efficiency on Particle Size

23. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 ESP and FF FINE PARTICLE EMISSIONS % OF DUST EMITTED TO THE ATMOSPHERE VRS PARTICLE SIZE

24. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 OPACITY FOR TYPICAL MASS VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET

25. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 EMERALD COAL SLIP AT WATSON

26. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 MEASUREMENT A PASS B PASS REDUCTION OPACITY% 13.2 2.3 83% PARTICULATE Grains/Act. Cubic Ft. 0.0136 0.0082 40% Mg/m3 31.3 18.8 FLOW Actual Cubic Ft/Min 443 609 406 455 M3/min 12 563 11 511 GAS TEMPERATURE Degrees F. 269 261 Degrees C. 132 127 WATSON ESP OUTLET TESTS EMERALD COAL

27. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 OPACITY FOR LOW MASS VERSUS PARTICLE SIZE AT ESP OUTLET

28. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 HAMMOND PARTICLE SIZE COMPARISON

29. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 HAMMOND STACK TESTS OCTOBER 2004 HAMMOND STACK TESTS OCTOBER 2004 MEASUREMENT UNIT 2 UNIT 3 REDUCTION PARTICULATE Grains/Act. Cubic Ft. 0.0038 0.001560% Mg/m3 8.7 3.4560% FLOW Actual Cubic Ft/Min 540,000 486,000 GAS TEMPERATURE Degrees F. 261 253

30. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 ESP OUTLET PARTICLE SIZE SPMS AND PCSV DATA

31. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 DUST EMISSION VRS PARTICLE SIZE

32. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 TARONG HOPPER PARTICLE SIZE

33. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Volatile Elements

34. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 TARONG ARSENIC CONCENTRATION IN THE ASH VRS MEDIAN DIAMETER Hopper 1 Hopper 2 Hopper 4 Hopper 6 ESP Pass 1 WITHFPCSystem 2.98 mg/kg (55um) 7.94 mg/kg (12um) 20.3 mg/kg (4.8um) 24.7 mg/kg (2.0um) ESP Pass 2 WITHOUT FPCSystem 1.7 mg/kg (70um) 2.78 mg/kg (15um) 14.1 mg/kg (6.0um) 20.2 mg/kg (3.5um) Pass 1 Increase WITH FPCSystem 75% As (-21%) 186% As (-20%) 44% As (-20%) 22% As (-43%)

35. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Carbon in Ash

36. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 EFFECT OF UNBURNT CARBON AT PLANT WATSON Front Hopper Middle Hopper Rear Hopper A Side Hoppers NO Indigo FPCSystem 8.7%9.7%14.3% B Side Hoppers WITH Indigo FPCSystem 7.0%13.6%23.0%

37. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 Volatile Elements

38. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 MERCURY REMOVAL RESULTS AT PLANT WATSON Mercury Measured in Collection Trap ug/m3 Mercury Measured in Filter and Collector ug/m3 Mercury in Filter ug/m3 \Mercury in Filter with 54% Loss ug/m3 Total Mercury with 54% Loss ug/m3 RemovalEfficiency% A Side Air-heater Outlet 4.254.510.260.574.8216.4 A Side ESP Outlet 3.23.580.380.834.03 B Side Air-heater Outlet 0.792.641.854.024.8178.9 B Side ESP Outlet 0.820.910.090.21.02 B Side Air-heater Outlet 0.532.51.974.284.8118.5 B Side Agglomerator Outlet 0.512.081.573.413.92

39. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 RECENT TEST RESULTS AT PLANT WATSON Mercury Measured ug/m3 Removal Efficiency % A Side Air-heater Outlet 3.336 A Side ESP Outlet 2.1 B Side Air-heater Outlet 3.563 B Side ESP Outlet 1.3

40. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008 IS THE INDIGO FPCSystem (FINE PARTICLE CONTROL SYSTEM) THE SOLUTION TO YOUR FINE PARTICLE PROBLEM?

41. AWMA SE Regional Conference - 2008

42. CONCLUSION THE Indigo FPCSystem PROVIDES  REDUCED PM2.5 EMISSIONS  REDUCED HEAVY METAL EMISSIONS  INCREASED ADSORBSION AND COLLECTION OF MERCURY BY THE SORBENTS, SUCH AS SOOT, FORMED IN THE COMBUSTION PROCESS  LOW COST TECHNOLOGY THAT PROVIDES MEANS FOR COMPLING WITH CURRENT AND FUTURE PM2.5 AND HAZADOUS AIR TOXIN EMISSION REQUIREMENTS