1. Storm Water Management and Erosion/Sediment Control Storm water management reduces quantity, and improves quality, of runoff in the watershed Site based approach reduces long term costs to community

2. Why Storm Water Management and Erosion/Sediment Control? Required by EPA Phase II! Protect health, safety and welfare Reduce flood impacts Reduce impacts to property Reduce pollution in streams, rivers and Lake Erie

3. Low Impact Development Low impact development works at individual sites to reduce surface flows, filter storm water, and disperse storage areas Many solutions are lower cost than engineered approaches

4. Stormwater Topics Water Quality Water Quantity Stream and Ditch Restoration and Management Low Impact Development Developed vs. Developing Communities

5. The Basics – Concepts: Water Quantity Runoff: amount of precipitation and infiltration Travel time: slope, flow depth/length, and roughness Peak Discharge: Runoff, Travel Time, Watershed Size, Development Location, Timing of Rainfall, Storage Effect Time of Concentration: Time from farthest reach to output point

6. Water Quantity ctd. Impervious Surface: surface with minimal infiltration

7. Water Quantity ctd. Bank Storage: storage and release within stream or ditch bank Connection to floodplain is best Flat subwatersheds are more sensitive to stormwater increases than those with terrain

8. Recommended Practices: Water Quantity Increase Infiltration, Reduce Speed, and Increase Storage (increase travel time) (mimic pre- development conditions): Reduce impervious surface, increase perviousness Improve storage and release on-site Increase roughness Decentralize/reduce concentration of flow Take advantage of bank storage Connect stream to floodplain

9. The Basics – Concepts: Water Quality Sediments: construction runoff, soil disturbance, stream erosion Nutrients: fertilizers, septic/animal wastes Bacteria: sewer overflows, septic/animal wastes Debris: dumping, sewer overflows Hazardous wastes: poor storage, poor separation, inappropriate use of materials

10. Water Quality ctd. BOD – Biological Oxygen Demand Nutrients in water ABSORB oxygen as they break down Aquatic life suffers

11. Recommended Practices: Water Quality Minimize soil disturbance Minimize water quantity increases in streams and ditches Filter and settle out sediments and contaminants Vegetate stream and ditch corridors Improve storage and separation of materials Maintain septic systems Prevent illicit discharges and dumping

12. Stream/Floodplain Restoration Habitat: vegetation, temperature, hydrology, water quality Stream hydrology: meanders, pools, riffles, floodplain Engineering: stream section, relationship to flow patterns of drainage area, floodplain Oxbow River and Stream Restoration

14. Agricultural Ditch Enhancement Approximate stream morphology: 2-stage or hybrid section Minimize “maintenance” Vegetate

17. Stormwater Management BMPs Require Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans on development sites Require developers to control the volume, rate, and quality of stormwater coming off sites Require good quality installation, and use of low-maintenance facilities Decentralize stormwater collection and conveyance Minimize stream crossings Retain and restore natural stream function Enhance function of existing agricultural ditches

18. Roles in Storm Water Regulation Ohio EPA: Water quality: If disturbing > 1 acre, EPA requires SWPPP Local government must address water quantity issues SWCDs and watershed groups may be involved in erosion/sediment control, storm water management plan reviews

19. Low Impact Development (LID) Rain Garden Vegetated filter strip

20. LID Bioretention filters/strips Catch basin insert

21. LID Disconnect downspouts Eliminate curb/gutter

22. LID Pervious pavements

23. LID Natural drainage basins (wet ponds with natural edge)

24. LID Green roofs

25. Examples of LID Projects in Ohio Ladue Trails, Geauga County: Bio-retention Nottingham Woods, Geauga Co.: rain gardens Sunset Ridge, Geauga: filter strip Best Buy, Lorain: sand filter Dollar General Store, Lorain: dry swales Deer Valley, Lucas County: bio-retention

26. Advice for Developed Communities Update and implement codes for low impact site design options (conservation development, compact development, riparian setbacks) Update and implement codes for innovative stormwater techniques (LID, restore stream section, two-stage ditch section, bioretention, grass swales, rain gardens, etc) Require provisions for management/maintenance Improve control of illicit discharges

27. Advice for Developing Communities Plan and map priority conservation areas, priority development areas, riparian and floodplain protection corridors Implement codes for innovative site design Implement codes for innovative stormwater management Require management provisions

28. Stormwater Management Regulations: Two Types Construction Runoff Control (AKA Erosion/Sediment Control): Water Quality – Requires SWPPP Post-Construction Control: Water Quality AND Quantity – managed through SWPPP and SWMP

29. Erosion/Sediment Control: How it works Requires preparation of a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWP3), or Abbreviated SWP3 Establishes standards and preferred methods for control of sediment

30. Erosion/Sed Control: Methods Nonstructural : site design and avoidance of disturbance in the first place Stabilization: Covering/seeding disturbed areas Runoff control: Diverting runoff from disturbed areas (swales, dikes, berms, etc.) Sediment control measures: collecting sediment and keeping it on site (silt fences, settling ponds, storm sewer inlet protection)

31. Post-Construction Stormwater Management : How It Works Requires Comprehensive Stormwater Management Plan for activities disturbing soil Sets standards for volume, rate and quality of runoff from completed project Sets standards for preferred methods and facilities

32. Post-Construction Stormwater Management: Methods Structural practices acceptable to Ohio EPA: wet retention, dry retention, etc. Nonstructural: site design, conservation development, minimizing disturbance, riparian/wetland setbacks Low impact development practices: rain gardens, grassy swales, etc.

33. Both Types: Administrative Issues Both types must be addressed – together or separate Standards and practices must meet minimum OEPA standards Should require compliance with State/Federal Regulations Must require provisions for maintenance of facilities during and after construction

34. Administrative Issues continued Who will have responsibility for plan review and inspection? Who will have responsibility for long-term maintenance of facilities? How will long term monitoring be handled? Erosion/Sed Control - Must have authority to stop work immediately Must have provisions for enforcement Penalties – most are a misdemeanor

35. Recommended Review Process 1)Conceptual Plan Stage (“Sketch Plan”) -Pre-application meeting -Sketch Plan Submitted -Review on-site: riparian/wetland delineation 2)Preliminary Plan Stage -Preliminary Plan -determine applicability of state/federal regulations 3)Preliminary Improvement Plan Stage -Construction drawings -submit crossing, riparian setback, slope stabilization, stormwater etc plans (as required by regulation) -all permits/approvals in process (required) for final approval 4)Final Plat -record all easements, setbacks, agreements as required by regulation