1. Summary of R&D Status C. Joshi UCLA As Henry VIII said to Ann Boleyn “I won’t keep you for long..”

2. UCLA Program on Plasma Based Accelerators C. Joshi, P.I. W. Mori, Co-P.I. C. Clayton, Co-P.I. 2009-Present EXPERIMENTS Dr. Chris Clayton Dr. Sergei Tochitsky Ken Marsh Dan Haberberger (11) Chao Gong Navid Vafaei (New) Jeremy Pigeon (New) Jessica Shaw(New) THEORY &SIMULATIONS Professor Warren Mori Weiming An (12) Asher Davidson (13) Yu Peicheng Collaborators: Professors Rosenzweig & Pellegrini (UCLA) Dr. M. Hogan (SLAC) Dr. Dustin Froula (LLNL/Rochester) Professor Luis Silva (IST) Brad Pollock Administration M. Guerrero Founded 1980 Plasma Accelerator Group

3. Average Total $ 1.6M/yr 1 Develop PWFA scheme for HEP (A) 2 Capitalize on TW CO2 laser and 10 MeV (B) electron beam in one location 3 Develop robust platform for self-guided LWFA to give GeV scale energies (B &C) 4 Be a source of new ideas thru theory (D) and simulations 5 Student training 6 Publish high quality research Mission Statement of the UCLA Plasma Accelerator Group

4. Some Alumnus (students and PDR) of UCLA group still in Plasma-Accelerator Field Tom Katsouleas Warren Mori Wim Leemans Chris Clayton Don Umstadter Dan Gordon Patric Muggli Sergei Tochitsky Wei Lu And others (Joe Ralph, Art Pak, C.Huang, C.Filip)

5. Status Reports Asia: Explosive growth in China U.S.: Program boosted by one time recovery act money for FACET and BELLA. Funding- otherwise steady or slight decline France: Large facilities in construction phase, Program with long history of excellence in the field Germany: Remarkable story of growth for femto science Italy: PLASMONX @INFN Portugal: simulations effort unmatched in Europe Sweden : Little engine that could: Excellence at Lund UK: Vulcan 10 PW upgrade, CLF/users proven track record ELI : First pillar on it’s way, other two soon to follow

6. General Impressions: Lasers Proliferation of 100 TW class lasers Several 1 PW class lasers will be on line in the next 2-3 years Several 10 PW class lasers have been approved, on the drawing board, in planning stages. Europe has taken the lead in femto/atto science investment.

7. General observations about Programs Several programs with common intellectual themes in Europe and China LWFA Ion Acceleration HHG Betatron, Compton and undulator radiation HEDS and FELs In USA there appears to be lesser overlap and greater specialization

8. Goals of the FACET PWFA Program 1)Accelerate a distinct second bunch containing a sufficient ( 100 s pC) charge 2)Maintain the beam emittance 3)Produce a small (5-10%) energy spread 4)High (> 50%) energy extraction efficiency 5)Energy transformer ratio of greater than 1. FACET PWFA Collaboration

9. Some Comparison: Plasma-Based Accelerators Program USA Germany UK France # Institutions 15** 7(10) 9 7 Faculty(PhD ) 12 ( 12) 11(13) 20(20) 7? Students 25 20 >50 ?? $M:Theory 1* Hard to judge without proper $M: Expts 14* numbers but definitely well funded >20TW Lasers 10 4 >10 MeV Beams 4 - - - * Includes salaries** 5 Labs 10 universities Please get this right

10. LaserLab-Europe facilitates cooperation Already provides means to use laser facilities to member countries

11. General Impressions Continued Greater emphasis on cooperation in Europe American groups seem to be more individualistic or collaborations are 2-3 groups Great emphasis on infrastructure building/improvement in Europe Only two new initiatives in USA funded by recovery funds. E23 and ARC not completed. Students find academic positions Fewer than 20% remain in academia in US Employment prospects are excellent, students stay in the field Employment prospects are fair US ELI may be a game changer CERNs willingness to enter this field has brought a lot of excitement.

12. Some Issues to Ponder Should everyone do everything or do what they are best at? Should some labs focus on one application and doggedly pursue it? AlphaX Quality of basic research with focus on publications (Universities) vs applications/ National priorities oriented research (national labs)

13. John M. Dawson 1930-2001 “This is a story of Science as a Living Thing taking Unexpected turns in directions that were never foreseen. Science must have goals, but it must Also have the freedom to follow up interesting And unexpected results when they turn up. This is what excites the good young researcher and it is in their hands that our future rests.” John Dawson AIP Conf. Proc. 560 p 3 (2000) Personal Recollections on the Development of Plasma Accelerators and Light Sources EPILOGUE

14. General Impressions Laser-Plasma Interactions theory expertise needs boost In house theorists are needed in every sizable institution Computational resources seem adequate but again every lab will need in house capability Overall: great time to be in this field in Europe Congratulations!!

15. Back Up material Case study of Publications Focused Program vs freedom to pursue