1. What does ACT-R have to do to be Practical? John R. Anderson Psychology Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ja+@cmu.edu ACT-R Home Page: http://act.psy.cmu.edu

2. 1. Ill-structured 2. Uncertain dynamic environments 3. Shifting, ill-defined or competing goals 4. Action/feedback loops 5. Time stress 6. High stakes 7. Multiple players 8. Organizational goals and norms. Characteristics of Naturalistic Decision Settings (Orasanu & Connolly, 1993)

6. 1. Newell's Rational Level versus Cognitive Level 2. The TacAir-Soar Experience -- abandon learning -- much more than 10 man years of development -- abandon concern with behavioral detail. “From earlier experience in cognitive modeling, we know that attempting to model human behavior to the greatest degree possible would greatly slow development and increase the required computational resources.” (Jones, Laird, Nielsen, Coutler, Kenny, & Koss, (1999). p. 33.) 3. The Cognitive Tutor Experience -- abandon learning -- much more than 10 man years of development -- abandon concern with behavioral detail. 4. Christian Lebiere's Position -- it is precisely the abandoning of learning and the cognitive level creates these systems which will never have the richness of knowledge -- sweat the details now and reap the rewards later. Detail and Knowledge: Friends or Foes?