1. Denisa Muchová 9. A

2. Structured playing, usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements. However, the distinction is not clear-cut, and many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports/games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such asMahjong, solitaire, or some video games). Attested as early as 2600 BC, games are a universal part of human experience and present in all cultures. The Royal Game of Ur, Senet, and Mancala are some of the oldest known games.

3. * Go: 3000-2000 BC - China * Mill: 2000 BC - footprints in Ireland, Egypt and China * Chess: 5 Century - India * Ludo!: 1896 - United Kingdom * Domino: 3 or 11th century Century - China * Lady: 1100 - South of France * Halma: 1880 - U.S. Surgeon George Howard Monks * Crossword: 1902 - Prague - Mlada Antošová - or 1913 - New York World - Arthur Wynne * Scrabble: 1948 - USA * Monopoly: 1935 - Parker, USA * Sudoku: 1979 - Howard Garnes, USA, originally as "Number Place" * Pacman: 1980 - Namco, Japan * Tetris: 1985 - Alexei Pažitnov, Dmitry Pavlovsky, Vadim Gerasimov, Russia

4. * Board games use as a central tool a board on which the players' status, resources, and progress are tracked using physical tokens. Many also involve dice and/or cards. Most games that simulate war are board games (though a large number of video games have been created to simulate strategic combat; see "Video Games" below), and the board may be a map on which the players' tokens move. Virtually all board games involve "turn-based" play; one player contemplates and then makes a move, then the next player does the same, and a player can only act on their turn. This is opposed to "real-time" play as is found in some card games, most sports and most video games * Most other board games combine strategy and luck factors; the game of backgammon requires players to decide the best strategic move based on the roll of two dice.

6. * Card games use a deck of cards as their central tool. These cards may be a standard Anglo-American (52- card) deck of playing cards (such as for bridge, poker, Rummy, etc.), a regional deck using 32, 36 or 40 cards and different suit signs (such as for the popular German game skat), a tarot deck of 78 cards (used in Europe to play a variety of trick-taking games collectively known as Tarot, Tarock, and/or Tarocchi games), or a deck specific to the individual game (such as Set or 1000 Blank White Cards). Uno and Rook are examples of games that were originally played with a standard deck and have since been commercialized with customized decks.

8. * Dice games use a number of dice as their central element. Board games often use dice for a randomization element, and thus each roll of the dice has a profound impact on the outcome of the game, however dice games are differentiated in that the dice do not determine the success or failure of some other element of the game; they instead are the central indicator of the person's standing in the game. * Popular dice games include Yahtzee, Farkle, Bunco, Liar's dice/Perudo, and Poker dice.

10. * Domino games are similar in many respects to card games, but the generic device is instead a set of tiles called dominoes, which traditionally each have two ends, each with a given number of dots, or "pips", and each combination of two possible end values as it appears on a tile is unique in the set. * Sets vary in the number of possible dots on one end, and thus of the number of combinations and pieces; the most common set historically is double-six, though in more recent times "extended" sets such as double-nine have been introduced to increase the number of dominoes available, which allows larger hands and more players in a game.

12. * Pencil and paper games require little or no specialized equipment other than writing materials, though some such games have been commercialized as board games (Scrabble, for instance, is based on the idea of a crossword puzzle, and tic-tac-toe sets with a boxed grid and pieces are available commercially). * These games vary widely, from games centering on a design being drawn such as Pictionary and "connect-the-dots" games like sprouts, to letter and word games such as Boggle and Scattergories, to solitaire and logic puzzle games such as Sudoku and crossword puzzles.

14. * Video games are computer- or microprocessor- controlled games. Computers can create virtual spaces for a wide variety of game types. Some video games simulate conventional game objects like cards or dice, while others can simulate environs either grounded in reality or fantastical in design, each with its own set of rules or goals. * A computer or video game uses one or more input devices, typically a button/joystick combination (on arcade games); a keyboard, mouse and/or trackball (computer games); or a controller or a motion sensitive tool. (console games).

16. * All pieces are placed ahead of the game in the starting house, which is marked in color the same color as the designated player figure 4. * The goal is to bring your pieces of one color of the field to the target house. It is only by the piece to pass through every field on the circuit board. Each player in his turn, moves a piece on many points fell on his throw dice. Ends the piece with a square occupied by a foreign figure, this is removed from the game and returned to the starting house. The box occupied by a pawn of the same color can not enter. * The deployment of the pieces on the starting field is needed to throw a six. If the player does not have attached any piece to throw the dice until six falls to a maximum of three times. If after the third roll six falls, continues to play another player. At the beginning of the game, the first piece placed on the starting field immediately. * During the game after thrown top six player throws the dice again and move one piece chosen by the sum of points in both throws. * The player who first orbits the game plan all their pieces and place them in the target house. Other players usually continue after the game and play to the next sequence. * There are adaptations, where part of the figurines and back, or the player can "blow" their own piece. * There are several versions of the board game. The most famous game plan is in the shape of a cross and is designed for up to 4 players, the game has a larger hexagon and is designed for up to 6 players. Also, there is a plan in the shape of an octagon and is designed for 8 players. Game Ludo! is intended for players from age three to deduce that.

18. * http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hry http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hry * http://www.svet-her.cz/spolecenske-hry/ http://www.svet-her.cz/spolecenske-hry/ * http://www.kostky.eu/ http://www.kostky.eu/