1. Not just for farmers: Six ways that agriculture programs affect food, nutrition, and the environment Virginia Tech – March, 2013 Parke Wilde

2. Outline 1.Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral 2.Six categories of agriculture policies 3.Demand expansion 4.Nutrition assistance

3. Outline 1.Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral 2.Six categories of agriculture policies 3.Demand expansion 4.Nutrition assistance

4. 3 A social ecological framework for nutrition and physical activity decisions Source: Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010.

5. Source: USDA/ERS.

6. Source: USDA Economic Research Service 5 The USDA Economic Research Service food marketing dollar - 2010

7. Source: Adapted from Monke (2012a). 6 Authorizing legislation: mandatory programs in a new Farm Bill for 10 fiscal years 2013-2022

9. Outline 1.Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral 2.Six categories of agriculture policies 3.Demand expansion 4.Nutrition assistance

10. Source: Wilde, 2013. 9 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

11. Source: Wilde, 2013. 10 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

12. Price supports 11

13. Source: Wilde, 2013. 12 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

14. Source: Wilde, 2013. 13 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

15. Deficiency payments 14

16. Source: Wilde, 2013. 15 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

17. Source: Wilde, 2013. 16 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

18. Source: Wilde, 2013. 17 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

19. Source: Wilde, 2013. 18 Six broad categories of farm policy interventions

20. Government payments from U.S. farm programs 1996 - 2010 19 Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Producer Support Estimates (PSE), 2012. Note: Payments based on output are identified separately, because of their implications for overproduction and for trade policy (see Chapter 4).

21. U.S. conservation programs 1996 - 2010 20 Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Producer Support Estimates (PSE), 2012. Note: Payments based on output are identified separately, because of their implications for overproduction and for trade policy (see Chapter 4).

22. U.S. Producer Support Estimate1996 - 2010 21 Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Producer Support Estimates (PSE), 2012. Note: Payments based on output are identified separately, because of their implications for overproduction and for trade policy (see Chapter 4).

23. Outline 1.Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral 2.Six categories of agriculture policies 3.Demand expansion 4.Nutrition assistance

24. MyPlate

25. Checkoff program annual revenue, 2010

28. Outline 1.Inter-disciplinary and multi-sectoral 2.Six categories of agriculture policies 3.Demand expansion 4.Nutrition assistance

29. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) a.k.a. Food Stamp Program

30. SNAP benefits / food-at-home sales Source: Wilde, AJAE, 2012. Data source: USDA/FNS (SNAP) and USDA/ERS (food spending).

31. SNAP benefits / food-at-home sales Source: Wilde, AJAE, 2012. Data source: USDA/FNS (SNAP) and USDA/ERS (food spending).

32. Google Gadgets http://usfoodpolicy.blogspot.com/search/label/Food%20Stamp%20Program http://www.tinyurl.com/snap-vis/

33. Why do reasonable people disagree about the cost of healthy food? Differences in: Definitions of “healthy” Time constraints and cooking abilities Reference populations and geographic locations Policy objectives Ways of learning about the world

34. Nutrition criteria and other constraints Tolerance for difference from current consumption Cost required Choosing the cost of a healthy diet (in the spirit of the Thrifty Food Plan)

35. It all depends on what constraints you impose... Source: Wilde and Llobrera, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 2009.

36. Source: Wilde, Troy, and Rogers, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2009. Food at home

37. Source: Wilde, Troy, and Rogers, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2009. Food away from home

38. Healthy Incentives Pilot

41. For more information … Food Policy in the United States: An Introduction (Routledge/Earthscan, March 2013) www.usfoodpolicy.com

42. Government role in checkoff programs Increasing oversight from USDA/AMS Absence of producer referenda “Government Speech”

43. Pork industry organizations National Pork Board (NPB) –semi-governmental “checkoff” program –may not lobby the government –funded by $64 million in mandatory checkoff payments National Pork Producers Council (NPPC) –private trade association –may lobby the government

45. Sale of “Other White Meat” In 2006, NPB (checkoff) agrees to pay NPPC (trade association) $60 million. Appraised cost to rebuild a new slogan: $38 million over 7 years. Terms: $3 million per year for 20 years, with interest.

46. Questions about “Other White Meat” appraisal and terms Was discounting handled correctly? Were there any other buyers?