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Perspective of Tall Building.  Perspective of Tall Building  Historical Background of Tall Building  History of Tall Building  World’s tallest Buildings.

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Presentation on theme: "Perspective of Tall Building.  Perspective of Tall Building  Historical Background of Tall Building  History of Tall Building  World’s tallest Buildings."— Presentation transcript:

1 Perspective of Tall Building

2  Perspective of Tall Building  Historical Background of Tall Building  History of Tall Building  World’s tallest Buildings  Future Tall Buildings  Structural System for Tall Building  High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementatious Composites (HPFRCCs)

3 1. Historical Background of Tall Building (c) Barbel Tower (d) Pyramid  Definition  Structure with aspect ratio more than 5 Domestic; Middle-rise (< 40story) High-rise (  40story)  Ancient Tall Structures  Example; Barbel tower, Pyramid  Material; brick, stone Ziggurat Year: BC 1,800 Height: 90m Material: Brick Equivalent to a modern 7-story office building “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with tower that reaches to the heavens.” Highest stone structure Year: BC 3,100 Country: Egypt Height: 146.7m Material; Stone, timber Huge masonry blocks Equivalent to a modern 40-story office building (a) Definition (b) Ancient tall structures B (  H/B  5) Protective for nature SymbolicReligious

4 2. History of Tall Building (a) Home Life Insurance Building (b) Great Northern Hotel (c) Monadnock (d) Reliance Building (e) Carson Dept. Store 10-story, 55m  1880-1900 (Chicago)  Chicago school with the ideas of modernization.  Less than 20-story  Decorative effects.  1885; William LeBaron Jenny (the creator of the modern skyscraper) Structural steel 17-story, 64m 15-story, 61m 16story, 57m 12-story, 58m (1885) (1891) (1894) (1896)

5  1900-1940 (New York)  Industrial development & high density of population after World War I (1914-1918)  Sudden increase (without considering natural environment)  About 50 to 100-story  Curtain wall, Elevator (a) Metropolitan Insurance Tower (b) Woolworth Building (c) Chrysler Building (d) Empire State Building (e) RCA Center 77-story, 300m 2. History of Tall Building 50-story, 206m 60-story, 242m 102-story, 381m 70-story, 259m (1909) (1913) (1930) (1931)(1933)

6  1940-1960  Financial market collapse during the economic depression (1929-1932)  World War II (1939-1945)  About 20 to 40-story  Prismatic (in rectangular shape)  Facing; aluminum curtain wall glass (a) Broadway Building (b) Secretariat Tower (c) Lever House (d) Avenue Building (e) Seagram Building 2. History of Tall Building 22-story, 92m 40-story, 160m 39-story, 166m 38-story, 137m 42-story, 156m (1952) (1958)

7  1960-1980 (USA)  Development of advanced materials, construction techniques & new structural system (tubular & braced system)  Ultra tall building (over 100-story)  Multipurpose (a) John Hancock Center (b) Transamerica Pyramid (c) World Trade Center (d) Amoco Building (e) Sears Tower (f) Citicorp Center 100-story, 344m 2. History of Tall Building 80-story, 346m 110-story, 417m 110-story, 443m 48-story, 260m 59-story, 279m (1969) (1972) (1973) (1974) (1977)

8  1980-Present (World)  Diverse shapes of ultra tall buildings  Exact structural analysis, further development of construction techniques & advanced composite materials (a) Bank of China (b) Landmark Tower (c) Jin Mao Building (d) Petronas Tower (e) Burj al arab (f) Finance Center (g) TFC 101 88-story, 452m 2. History of Tall Building 101-story, 508m 60-story, 321m 70-story, 296m 88-story, 421m 70-story, 369m 88-story, 420m (1989) (1993)(1998) (1999) (2003)(2004)

9 2. History of Tall Building  1960-1970 (Seoul)  Frame-shear wall system, tube-core system  1970-1980  Frame-shear wall + tube system, wall system with tunnel form  1980-Present  Intelligent building, seismic design (a) Commercial Bank (b) Lotte Hotel (c) Life Insurance (d) LG Twin Tower (e) 63Building (f) Hyperion 21(g) Tower Palace 33-story, 102m 25-story, 81m 37-story, 106m 12-story, 54m 69-story, 267m 63-story, 249m 69-story, 256m (1965) (1978) (1984) (1986) (1985) (2003) (2004)

10 (a) Low-rise or medium apartment buildings (b) High-rise residential complex 20 108 215 New paradigm for residence 0 50 100 150 200 250 2001200220032004200520062007 Year Number of Buildings (more than 31 stories).  Recent Trends 2. History of Tall Building Tower Palace Sejong Apart Hyperion 21 Yukyung Hotel 69-story, 267m (2004) 69-story, 256m (2003) 105-story, 300m (2008)

11 3. World’s Tallest Buildings  Current State of 20 th Tallest Buildings RankingBuilding NameCityCountryHeight (m)No. of StoryYearPurpose 1Taipei 101TaipeiTaiwan5081012004Multiple 2Petronas Tower 1, 2Kuala LumpurMalaysia452881997Multiple 3Sears TowerChicagoUSA4421101974Office 4Jin Mao Bldg.ShanghaiChina421881998Multiple Two International Finance Center Hong KongChina420882003Office 5One World Trade CenterNew YorkUSA4171101972Office 6Two World Trade CenterNew YorkUSA4151101973Office Fairwell International CenterXiamenChina397882002Office Taipei Financial CenterTaipeiTaiwan392902002 Office 7CITIC PlazaGuangzhouChina391801996Multiple 8Shun Hing SquareShenzhenChina384691996Office 9Empire State BuildingNew YorkUSA3811021931Office 10Central PlazaHong KongChina374781992Office 11Bank of ChinaHong KongChina369701989Office Posts and Communications Bldg. XiamenChina363632000Multiple 12Emirates Towers OneDubaiUAE355542000Office 13The CenterHong KongChina350801998Office 14Tuntex & Chein-Tai TowerKaohsiungTaiwan348851998Multiple 15Aon CenterChicagoUSA346831973Office 16John Hancock CenterChicagoUSA3431001969 Office/ Residential 17Burj al Arab HotelDubaiUAE321601999Hotel 18Baiyoke Tower IIBangkokThailand320901998Multiple 19Chrysler Bldg.New YorkUSA319771930Office 20Bank of America PlazaAtlantaUSA312551992Office

12 4. Future Tall Buildings

13 (a) X-Seed4000 (b) Bionic Tower (c) Sky City1000 (d) Millennium Tower (e) DIB200 (f) Co-Existence (g) Russia Tower 4. Future Tall Buildings 800-story, 4000m 300-story, 1128m 196-story, 1000m 180-story, 840m 200-story, 800m 155-story, 658m 126-story, 640m  World  New types of vertical cities offering intensive functions and harmony with the natural environment (prevent the expansion of city & provide better life for many people)

14 (a) Landmark Tower (b) Songdo Landmark Tower (c) Seoul Lotte World I (d) Busan Lotte World II (c) World Business Center 4. Future Tall Buildings 150-story, 620m 151-story, 610m 112-story, 555m 107-story, 510m 110-story, 500m  Korea  medium or big-sized vertical cities including housing, commerce, education, & recreation (a fusion of architecture, transportation, communication, & energy)

15 4. Future Tall Buildings  Design Plan

16 4. World’s Tallest Buildings TFC 101 Songdo Landmark Tower Seoul Lotte World Burj DUBAI

17 RankingProjectCityCountryHeight (m)No. of StoryPurpose 1X-Seed 4000TokyoJapan4000800Multiple 2Hexahedron CityScottsdaleUSA2100200 3Try 2004TokyoJapan2004400Multiple 4Aeropolis 2001TokyoJapan2001500Multiple 5Houston PinnacleHoustonUSA1610500 6Illinois Mile High TowerChicagoUSA1609528Multiple 7Pyramid-In-PyramidSingapore 1500 8MotherTokyoJapan1321220Multiple 9Bionic TowerHong KongChina1128300Residential 10Sky City 1000TokyoJapan1000196Multiple Europa TowerBrusselsBelgium1000 11M-TowerShanghaiChina900 12Kinetic TowerChicagoUSA890 Multiple 13Seiren 21KonoikeJapan880180Multiple 14Erewhon CenterChicagoUSA860207 15Millennium TowerTokyoJapan840180Multiple 16Dynamic Intelligent Bldg.TokyoJapan800200Multiple AquariusTokyoJapan800200 17Chicago World Trade CenterChicagoUSA701181Multiple 18T-GrowthTaiseiJapan700170Multiple 19Cintas TowerNew YorkUSA680180 20World Center for Vedic LearningJabalpurIndia677224Multiple 21Chicago World Trade CenterChicagoUSA665168 22Project 112 CoexistenceNew YorkUSA658155 23Russia TowerMoscowRussia640126 24Atlanta TowerAtlantaUSA614130Multiple 25Step-Over TowerTokyoJapan610160Multiple 4. Future Tall Buildings  Future Ultra Tall Buildings

18 5. Structural System for Tall Building

19 (c) World Trade Center (USA) (d) Petronas Tower (Malaysia) (e) Sears Tower (USA) Characteristics a. A structural system that prompts the building to behave as an hollow tube b. Many closely spaced columns–in some ways analogous to a load bearing wall. c. Tubular systems are so efficient that in most cases the amount of structural material used is comparable to that used in conventionally framed buildings half the size.  Tubular System Design: SOM Year: 1974 Location: Chicago Story: 110 Height: 442m Area: 409,200m 2 Structural system: Bundle tube system Design: SOM Year: 1972 Location: New York (Collapsed) Story: 110 Height: 415m Area: 409,200m 2 Structural system: Sing tube system (a) Single Tube (b) Bundled Tube 5. Structural System for Tall Building Design: Cesar Pelli Year: 1996 City: Kuala Lumpur Story: 88 Height: 452m Area: 131,456m 2 Structural system: Tube-outrigger system

20 (c) Bank of China (China) (d) Tower Palace (Korea) (e) Burj Dubai (United Arab Emirates) Design: I.M Pei Year: 1989 City: Hong Kong Story: 70 Height: 369m Area: 130,000m 2 Structural system: Braced system (a) Steel link beam in the braced system (b) Out-rigger Belt Truss system Design: SOM Year: 2004 City: Seoul Story: 69 Height: 267m Area: 100,497m 2 Structural system: Out-rigger belt truss system  Braced & Out-Rigger Belt Truss System 5. Structural System for Tall Building Characteristics a. This has become recognized as an efficient lateral load resisting system. b. The braces of this system play an important role in ultra steel tall building because couplings action reduce the bending moment and deflection efficiently. Design: SOM Year: Completed in 2009 Location: Dubai Story: 165 Height: 808m (expected) Area: 495,000m 2 Structural system: Out-rigger system Outrigger & Belt Truss Core wall Steel Frame Outrigger & Belt Truss Core wall Steel Frame Foundation

21  Braced & Out-Rigger Belt Truss System 5. Structural System for Tall Building (f) Marina bay sands

22  DU-Mortar (Ductile mortar) ProductsProducts Concrete Protection, DU-Mortar and AMS-PVA Fiber Pack AMS has pioneered the development of HPFRCCs in the repair and protection of concrete and now offers a total repair package of products. Protective and decorative anti-carbonation, chemical resistant and anti-graffiti coatings for both new and existing structures. Low shrink mortars High performance products (Energy absorption capacity) Excellent chemical resistance High efficiency primers Chemically resistant resins Systematic approach to repairs Fire resistance

23 6. HPFRCCs

24

25 5. Structural System for Tall Building

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