1. Tall Buildings Presented to Minnesota Futurists
Technology Special Interest Group
Hank Lederer and David Keenan
17 November 2007

2. Pyramids - Giza Completed ~ 2570 BC 481 ft (147 m) orig Worlds Tallest
for 3,800 years
Tomb of Pharaoh

3. Leaning Tower – Pisa, Italy
Completed 1350
177 years in construction
started in 1173
183 ft (56 m)
slants 5.5 degrees

4. Two Towers – Bologna, Italy
Two Towers, both leaning, are the symbol of the city
Asinelli Tower – 319 ft (97 m)
Garisenda Tower
originally ~ 197 ft (60 m)
today ft(48 m)
Bologna may have had up to 180 towers btw 12th and 13th century

5. Eiffel Tower - Paris Completed 1889 1063 ft (324m)
Worlds Tallest Structure, surpassing Washington Monument, until 1930, Chrysler Bldg

6. 40 Wall St. vs. Chrysler < 40 Wall St. Completed 1930
927 ft (283 m) spire
70 floors
world's tallest building from April 1930 to May 27, 1930
Chrysler Building >
925 ft (282 m) roof
1047 ft (319 m) spire
77 floors
world's tallest building from 27 May 1930 to 1931 (surpassed by Empire State)

7. Empire State Building – New York
Completed 1931
1,250 ft (381 m) roof
1,472 ft (449 m) spire
102 floors
Worlds Tallest Building for 41 years
Surpassed by WTC 1 in 1972
Mythbusters tested the urban myth
"If you drop a penny off the top of
the Empire State Building will it kill
someone or crater the sidewalk?"
By the time the penny hit the ground
it is going roughly 65 mph, which is
NOT fast enough to inflict lethal injury
or put a crater into the sidewalk.

8. Local Favorites

9. IDS and Foshay - Minneapolis
IDS completed 1974 >
792 ft (214 m) roof
910 ft (277 m) spires
57 floors
surpassed Foshay in ‘72
Foshay completed 1929 >
447 ft (136 m) roof
607 ft (185 m) spire
32floors
MN tallest
“First Skyscraper West of the Mississippi”

10. Current Placeholders

11. Worlds Tallest Buildings

12. Sears Tower - Chicago Completed 1973 1,450 ft (442 m) roof
1,730 ft (527 m) spires
Taller than World Trade Center
110 floors (like WTC)
104 elevators (16 dbldeck)

13. Petronas Towers – Kuala Lumpur
Completed
88 floors - world's tallest buildings from 1998 to 2004
1999 movie Entrapment - Catherine Zeta-Jones, Sean Connery

14. Taipei 101- China Completed 2004 Tallest til 21Jul07 1,670 ft ( 509 m)
101 floors
61 (including 2 doubledecker)
elevators
Fastest elevator ascend 38mph
$1.76 B cost
Tuned mass damper vs. sway

15. CN Tower - Canada Completed 1976 Toronto, Ontario Broadcast Tower
1815 ft (553 m)
"the world's tallest free-standing tower"

16. Unusual Buildings

17. Swiss Re, 30 St. Mary Axe - London
Completed 2004
590 ft
the ‘gherkin’

18. Turning Torso – Mälmo, Sweden
Completed

19. Twin Towers - Kuwait Completed
Water towers with Observation and Restaurant decks

20. Park Towers - Dubai
Both towers are 30 floors, and offer approximately 432 exquisitely designed one, two and three bedroom apartments. The design of   the towers was inspired by the evolution of Dubai, and the undulating soft forms of the desert.
Designed by Gensler, the award-winning architects for the new London Stock Exchange  headquarters. The intelligent design of the towers ensures that every apartment has a wide balcony offering you the freedom to relax and enjoy the stunning views of the financial district, with its parks, cafés and entertainment facilities.

21. ‘Sporefloater’ - Singapore
Under construction
This “suspended” tower is going to be built in
Singapore. The basic idea is to reduce the
amount of space used at the ground level!
502 ft(153 m)
36 floors

22. Burj al arab - Dubai Completed 1999 689 ft (210 m) roof
1,053 ft (321 m) spire
60 floors
Sky tennis anyone?

23. EDiTT Tower - Singapore
Under construction
Ecological Design in The Tropics
Very Green
26 floors

24. Phare Tower - Paris Proposed Green design 984 ft (300 m) tall
Artist rendition shows the future skyscraper 'Phare', or Lighthouse,
due to be completed in 2012 in Paris

25. Dancing Towers - Dubai Proposed For completion 2009 65 floors
Zaha Hadid’s design for the Dancing Towers confirms the role of Business Bay Development at the very forefront of Dubai’s rapidly changing future. The three towers rise above the creek and project themselves as an icon for the surrounding developments and for the gulf region.
Designer: Zaha Hadid

26. Burj al-Taq Tower in Dubai
Proposed?
Energy Tower
Cylindrical shape is
designed to expose as
little surface area to the
sun as possible.
A protective solar shield
reaches from the ground
to the roof, covering 60 deg
of the giant circular building.
So green. Form of a twisted highball glass topped by a twirling cocktail stick of a wind turbine.

27. Dubai Towers - Dubai Proposed ? 788 to 1,312 ft (240 to 400 m)
Ranging between 57–94 floors
estimated completion is mid 2010
The Lagoons’ is a mixed-use freehold development being built along the Dubai Creek coastline. The US$ 18 bil project will cover an area of 70 million square feet over 40 km of waterfront land.

28. Siam Tribute - Thailand

29. Under Construction

30. Shanghai World Financial Center
Nearing completion
Topped out 14Sep07
Latest shot 03Nov07 >>
1,614 ft (492 m) roof
101 floors
31 elevators

31. Freedom Tower – New York
Under construction
For completion 9/11/10
World Trade Center site
1776 ft
108 floors

32. Moscow City Tower - Moscow
Under construction
since 18 Sept, 2007
2,007 ft (612m )
118 floors
101 elevators
$1.5-$1.7B
taller than any other
building in Europe
planned for 2012
part of $12B Moscow
International Business
Center project
(10 buildings)

33. Towers - Chicago

34. Chicago Spire Under construction Formerly Fordham Spire
started 25 July, 2007
planned for 2011
2,000 ft (610m) roof
150 floors

35. Tall Buildings
New design

36. Burj - Dubai Under construction since 2004 For completion 2008
~ 2,111 ft (643 m) roof
~ 2,684 ft (818 m) spire
164 floors
12Sept07 surpassed CN Tower
and still climbing

37. Burj - Dubai
Under construction

38. Proposed

39. Supertowers - Dubai

40. Al Burj - Comparison Al Burj Burj Dubai Taipei Empire Eiffel St. Mary
State Tower Axe
3900 ft ft ft ft ft ft

41. Al burj - Dubai Proposed 2,789 ft (850 m) roof
3,445 ft (1,050 m) spire
228 floors

42. Burj Mubarak al-Kabir - Kuwait
Proposed
2,953 ft (900 m) roof
3,284 ft (1,001 m) spire
254 floors (est)
2008 proposed start, 2012 end
Could require triple deck elevators
Housing for 700,000
Madinat al-Hareer (City of Silk Project)

43. Sky City – Tokyo, Japan Proposed 1000 m (3,281 ft)
Triple decker elevators – cap. 70
14 sky plateaus
35,000 residents and 100,000 workers

44. Bionic Tower Proposed Shanghai or Hong Kong 3,701 ft (1,128 m)
300 floors
100,000 residents
368 elevators
~ $15B+ cost

45. Far Future

46. Shimzu Mega City Try-4000 Proposed over Tokyo Bay in Japan
House 750,000 people
If built, it will be the largest man-made structure on Earth.
2,004 m (6,575 ft) high (12 x higher than the Great Pyramid at Giza)
Cannot be built with currently available materials, due to their weight.
Relies on the future availability of super-strong lightweight materials based on carbon nanotubes.

47. X-seed 4000, Japan Proposed Inspired by Mt. Fuji, but would be taller
13,123 ft (4,000 m)
800 floors
0.5 – 1 million residents
$100s billion

48. Abandoned

49. Mile High Tower Frank Lloyd Wright
Proposed but not adopted
The Illinois
5,280 ft (1,609 m)
528 stories
76 elevators
Sway would be addressed by tripod design
(like CN tower)
and possibly a counterweight (like Taipei 101)

50. Panama City < Ice Tower Started March 2007, cancelled June 2007
Third super tall skyscraper to be cancelled in Panama City
1,250 ft (381 m)
104 floors
Palacio de la Bahía (Bay Palace) >
1,158 ft (353 m)
93 floors
started 28 July, 2006, cancelled by developer as unbuildable
Torre Generali >>
1,044 ft (318 m)
52 floors
views of Atlantic and Pacific from top floors
cancelled in 2001 due to economic conditions

51. Tower of Babel
abandoned
by Pieter Bruegel